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栝楼(Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.)列为本经中品,别名瓜蒌、果?、天瓜、黄瓜、瓜?、栝?、地楼、泽姑、天棘、楼活、泽茹等,为葫芦科(Cucubi-taceae)植物,多年生蔓草、山野自生,雌雄异株。春季从宿根抽茎。茎叶无毛、茎分歧之处有卷须、叶滑泽、心脏形、淡绿色。夏日开白色,有毛合瓣花。果实广椭圆形,熟呈黄赤,中有黄瓤,瓤中有子,其种子黄褐色,仁为褐绿色,长扁园形。查果仁中约含26%脂肪油(油中有瓜蒌酸(Trichosanic acid),并含有皂素。
The Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. is listed as a product of the classics, alias Guam, fruit, day melon, cucumber, melon?, lotus root, ground floor, Zegu, Thornbush, Louhuo, Zeru, etc. Cucuriaceae (Cucubi-taceae) plants, perennial creeping grass, wild and wild, dioecious. Spring stems from ratoon. The stems and leaves were glabrous and the stems were different in tendrils, leaf slip, heart-shaped, and pale green. Summer open white, with petals of flowers. The fruit is broadly oval in shape, yellowish-red in appearance, yellow-brown in mid-grain, and son-in-law in midge. Its seeds are tan and brown, and their kernels are brownish-green, and they are long and flat. There are about 26% fatty oils in the nuts (Trichosanic acid in oil and saponin).