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法律解释的一个重要任务是明确相关法律规则中的一般词项的所指,因此理应能够得到关于所指如何确定的一般理论的指导。然而,语言哲学中已有的三种指称理论(描述指称理论、直接指称理论与意向性理论)都难以直接运用到法律领域中。这或者是由于它们本身所存在的局限,或者是由于法律实践作为一种独特的交流活动所具有的区别性特征。一般法律词项的所指是由立法意图、客观知识与语言惯习共同决定的。其中,语言惯习的作用是限制性的,立法意图与客观知识的作用是指引性的。在所指确定的过程中,立法意图提供所指识别的标准,客观知识明确所指的范围。
An important task of legal interpretation is to clarify the general terms in the relevant legal rules, so it is reasonable to be able to get guidance on the general theory of how to determine. However, the three types of referential theories (describing referential theory, direct referential theory and intentional theory) that are already existing in linguistic philosophy are difficult to apply directly to the legal field. This is due either to their own limitations or to the distinctive features of legal practice as a unique communication activity. The meaning of general legal terms is determined by legislative intent, objective knowledge and verbal habit. Among them, the role of language habit is restrictive, and the role of legislative intention and objective knowledge is indicative. In the process of identification, the legislation intends to provide the criteria for the identification of which objective knowledge clearly defines the scope of the reference.