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本文选取西藏和甘肃两个代表性藏区作为调查地区,重点调查了该地区中小学教师普通话使用状况。结果显示:两地藏区被调查教师普通话作为母语的比例都低于5%,且约有13%的被调查教师不具备运用普通话交流的能力;具备普通话交流能力的教师中多数处于二级以上普通话水平,但两地三级与未入级的等级比例偏高。在教学和校园语境中,两地藏区教师使用普通话的意识较为薄弱;在生活语境中,西藏地区藏语是教师主要使用语言,甘肃地区主要使用语言为汉语方言。基于此,本文从加强普通话分类分层培训、加大国家通用语言文字政策法规宣传、加强对普通话使用监督检查等方面提出了相应的对策建议。
This article selects two representative Tibetan areas in Tibet and Gansu as the survey area, and mainly investigates the use of mandarin teachers in primary and secondary schools in the area. The results showed that the proportion of mandarin to surveyed teachers in both Tibetan areas was less than 5%, and about 13% of the investigated teachers did not have the ability to communicate in Putonghua. Most of the teachers with Putonghua ability to communicate were above Grade II Mandarin level, but the two levels and the level of non-classified high level. In the teaching and campus contexts, teachers in both Tibetan and Tibetan areas have a weak awareness of using Putonghua. In the context of life, Tibetans in Tibet are the main language used by teachers while Gansu mainly uses Chinese dialects. Based on this, this article puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of strengthening the classification and training of Putonghua, increasing the propaganda of the national general linguistic policies and regulations, and strengthening the supervision and inspection of the use of Putonghua.