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遗传现象是生物在新陈代谢的基础上表现出来的生命现象。遗传现象的本质就是遗传信息从上代传递给下代并表现出来的过程。遗传信息的具体形式就是遗传密码,它贮存于脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的分子结构之中,也即是DNA中的碱基序列。遗传的单位是基因。基因就是DNA分子上的一段功能单位,它可以控制合成一条完整的多肽链。多肽链是由许多单体—氨基酸组成的。因此,在DNA的组成单体—核苷酸与多肽的组成单体——氨基酸之间一定存在对等关系。找出这种对等关系,就是遗传密码的研究目的之一。
Genetic phenomenon is the biological phenomenon manifested on the basis of metabolism. The essence of the genetic phenomenon is the process of genetic information passed from the previous generation to the next generation and demonstrated. The specific form of genetic information is the genetic code, which is stored in the molecular structure of DNA, which is the DNA sequence. The genetic unit is the gene. Gene is a functional unit of DNA molecules, it can control the synthesis of a complete polypeptide chain. Polypeptide chain is composed of many monomers - amino acids. Therefore, there must be a reciprocal relationship between the constituent monomers of the DNA - nucleotides and the constituent monomers of the polypeptide - the amino acids. To find out the reciprocal relationship is one of the research purposes of genetic code.