目的　探讨两种不同切口 (透明角膜切口、巩膜隧道切口 )的超声乳化术后角膜内皮超微结构的变化。方法　 1 0只纯种科研兔。对照组为正常的兔角膜内皮细胞 ,实验组分为三组 ,每组 3只兔 ,每只兔左眼均行上方巩膜隧道切口超声乳化术 ,右眼行颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化术 ,三组分别设定超声时间为 2 m in、2 .5 m in、3m in,透射电镜下分别观察术后即时、术后 6 h及术后 2 4 h两组角膜内皮细胞超微结构的变化。结果　经过不同时间的超声乳化 ,术后即时及术后 6 h角膜中央 1 mm区域内取材的透射电镜切片示巩膜隧道切口组的内皮损害均小于透明角膜切口组。术后 2 4 h,两者的内皮变化无明显差异。且超声时间超过 2 .5 m in,内皮出现裸区。结论　在相同的手术条件下 ,巩膜隧道切口超声乳化术后角膜内皮的损伤小于透明角膜切口的超声乳化术 Objective To investigate the ultrastructural changes of corneal endothelium after phacoemulsification with two different incisions (clear corneal incision and scleral tunnel incision). Method 1 0 Purebred rabbits. The control group was normal rabbit corneal endothelial cells. The experimental group consisted of three groups with 3 rabbits in each group. The left eye of each rabbit underwent phacoemulsification with upper scleral tunnel incision, the right temporal corneal incision phacoemulsification, The ultrastructural changes of corneal endothelial cells in the two groups were observed immediately under the transmission electron microscope and at 6 h after operation and 24 h after operation respectively by setting the ultrasonic time of 2 m in, 2.5 m in, 3 m in respectively. . Results The ectopic endoscopic lesion in scleral tunnel incision group after phacoemulsification, immediate postoperatively and at 6 h postoperatively in the central 1 mm cornea was less than that in the clear corneal incision group. At 24 hours after operation, there was no significant difference in endothelial changes between the two groups. And ultrasound time more than 2.5 m in, the naked zone appears in the endothelium. Conclusions Under the same surgical conditions, corneal endothelium injury after scleral tunnel incision phacoemulsification is less than that of clear corneal incision phacoemulsification