一、前言 有人说,如果过去的七十五年代表润滑时代,在此以前的时代代表摩擦时代,则现在这个时代称为磨损时代。磨损损失,1965年在英国估计每年达515百万磅,1976年在美国估计每年为16.25×10~9美元,西德每年为100亿马克,苏联每年为120亿卢布。而我国有人对冶金、煤炭、电力、建材、农机等五个部门作了调查,每年损失于磨损达20亿元以上。 I. Preface It is said that if the past seventy-five years represented the era of lubrication, and the previous era represented the era of friction, the era is now called the era of wear and tear. Wear loss, estimated at 515 million pounds per year in Britain in 1965, estimated at 16.25 × 10 9 dollars per year in the United States in 1976, 10 billion marks annually in West Germany and 12 billion rubles annually in the Soviet Union. However, some people in our country made investigations on five departments such as metallurgy, coal, electricity, building materials and agricultural machinery, and each year they lost more than 2 billion yuan of wear and tear.