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2004年宪法修正案第二十条与第二十二条均将“公共利益”作为国家对土地以及对公民的私有财产实行征收、征用的理由与条件加以规定。尽管这两条宪法修正案只涉及土地与私有财产权方面的内容,但是,却显示了这样一条法律原理,即:公权力对私人利益单方面克减的目的只能是为了公共利益,由此而形成的是一种公法关系,国家应当承担相应的法律责任。基于任何公共利益之外的理由,对私人合法权益的单方性克减乃至剥夺都是非法的,由此引发出一个中国法学界日趋关心的话题:既然公共利益可以构成对私权克减的理由,那么,什么是公共利益?怎样界定公共利益?公共利益概念和相关概念的区别是什么?公共利益的行政法意义是什么?如何避免、克服出现以公共利益为借口而非法损害私人利益的行为呢?由于宪法和法律并未对“公共利益”作出明确说明,作为对公民私有财产保护具有重要意义的“公共利益”问题,已经和必将不断冲击人们的眼球,引起学界的高度重视和深刻思考。
Article 20 and Article 22 of the 2004 constitutional amendment both stipulate the “public interest” as the state’s reasons and conditions for imposing and expropriating land and for the private property of citizens. Although these two constitutional amendments only deal with the content of land and private property rights, they show the legal principle that the objective of the unilateral derogation of private interests by public power can only be for the public interest, and thus The formation of a public-legal relationship, the state should bear the corresponding legal responsibility. For reasons other than any public interest, the unilateral derogation and even the deprivation of the private lawful rights and interests are all illegal. This has led to a topic of increasing concern to Chinese jurisprudence: since public interest can constitute a justification for the derogation of private rights , What is the public interest? How to define the public interest? What is the difference between the concept of public interest and related concepts? What is the administrative law significance of public interest? How to avoid and overcome the act of illegally injuring private interests under the pretext of public interest Since the Constitution and the law do not give a clear explanation of the “public interest,” as the “public interest” issue of great importance to the protection of private property of citizens, the eyeballs have been and will continue to be hitherto unknown, arousing great attention and profound academic circles Thinking.