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无论是城市建设还是百姓生活都离不开水,最近“水”成了出现频率极高的一个词,现在经济发展的速度和城市建设的规模都是明摆着的,只是人们过去对水资源紧张的认识不像现在这样紧迫。本期我们就把焦点放在“水”这个关键词上,关注缺水问题。目前中国被列为世界21个贫水国家之一,人均占有量仅为世界人均占有量的1/4,加上时空分布不均和污染严重,犹如“雪上加霜”,缺水问题十分突出,严重影响了社会和经济的持续发展。在国家统计局最近发布的2004年中国国民经济和社会发展统计公报中,2004年我国人均水资源2000余立方米,较2003年下降4%;总用水量达55000亿立方米,较上年增长3.4%,人均用水量超过420立方米,增长3%,全国79个城市缺水,超过2300百万人口。目前,全国300多个城市中,108个城市严重缺水,40多个城市进入世界严重缺水之列。特别严重的是我国沿海地区。我国沿海城市经济发达,人口密集,它以全国13%的土地,养活了全国40%的人口,创造了60%的国民生产总值,经济地位举足轻重,但淡水资源极其贫乏,大部分城市人均水资源占有量在500立方米以下。北京是水资源重度短缺的城市,人均占有量不足300立方米,远远低于国际公认1000立方米的缺水下限,仅为世界平均水平的1/3,是全国平均水平的1/8。上海号称“东方水都”,日前被联合国列为未来全球六大缺水城市之一。天津是资源型缺水城市。目前,人均本地水资源占有量160立方米,为全国人均占有量的1/15,加上入境和引滦入津外调水量,人均水资源占有量为370立方米,远低于世界公认的人均占有量1000立方米的缺水警戒线,属重度缺水地区。大连、天津、青岛、连云港、烟台和舟山等沿海城市人均占有量仅在200立方米左右。
Both urban construction and people’s livelihood can not be separated from water. Recently, “water” has become a word with a high frequency of occurrence. Now that the speed of economic development and the scale of urban construction are obvious, people are nervous about water resources in the past The awareness is not as urgent as it is now. This issue we focus on the “water” this key words, concerned about the issue of water shortage. At present, China is listed as one of the 21 water-poor countries in the world, with a per capita possession of only 1/4 of the world average. Coupled with the uneven distribution of time and space and the serious pollution, it is like “worse” and the water shortage is very serious and serious Affected the sustainable development of society and economy. In the 2004 Statistical Communique on China’s National Economic and Social Development recently released by the National Bureau of Statistics, China’s per capita water resources exceeded 2,000 cubic meters in 2004, down 4% over 2003; total water consumption reached 5.5 trillion cubic meters, representing an increase over the previous year 3.4%, per capita water consumption over 420 cubic meters, an increase of 3%, 79 cities nationwide lack of water, more than 2300 million people. At present, 108 cities in more than 300 cities in China have been suffering from severe water shortages and more than 40 cities have entered the serious water shortage in the world. Particularly serious is the coastal areas of our country. Its coastal cities are economically developed and densely populated. With 13% of the country’s total land, it has fed 40% of the country’s population and created 60% of its GNP. Its economic status is pivotal. However, freshwater resources are extremely scarce. Most cities have per capita water Resources occupy less than 500 cubic meters. Beijing is a city with severe water shortage. Its per capita consumption is less than 300 cubic meters, far below the internationally recognized minimum water shortage limit of 1,000 cubic meters, only 1/3 of the world average and 1/8 of the national average. Shanghai, known as the “Oriental Water Capital,” was recently listed by the United Nations as one of the six largest water-deficient cities in the world in the future. Tianjin is a resource-poor city. At present, the per capita amount of local water resources is 160 cubic meters, accounting for 1/15 of the national average. Coupled with the entry and transfer of water from the Luan River to Tianjin, the per capita water resources share is 370 cubic meters, much lower than the world-recognized per capita Possession of 1,000 cubic meters of water shortages, a severe water shortage area. Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Yantai and Zhoushan and other coastal cities average only 200 cubic meters.