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目的:探讨和分析影响血糖的可控因素。方法:采用横断面研究方式,选择已确诊3个月以上的糖尿病患者430人,通过调查问卷的形式收集其人口统计学资料、临床及其他可能与血糖控制相关的资料,同时收集其血液标本测定糖化血红蛋白值(HbA1c)。采用多元线性回归分析与单因素回归分析方法进行统计分析,分析各因素对HbA1c控制达标的影响。结果:430例糖尿病患者HbA1c为(8.7±2.6)%,34%的糖尿病患者HbA1c≤7.0%。单因素回归分析发现年龄越大、参加糖尿病教育、更高频率的血糖监测、对血糖控制目标的知晓、更好的公共卫生环境、拥有血糖仪的患者HbA1c控制较好,但是升级的治疗方法,如胰岛素治疗的患者HbA1c控制较差。多元线性回归分析发现年龄越大、参加糖尿病教育、更高频率的血糖监测、对血糖控制目标的知晓是HbA1c的保护因素,升级的治疗方法是HbA1c的危险因素。结论:对血糖控制目标的知晓、参加糖尿病教育、更高频率的血糖监测是有利于HbA1c达标的可控因素,且提高血糖控制目标的知晓率可能是降低患者HbA1c最简单有效的方法。
Objective: To explore and analyze the controllable factors that affect blood glucose. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to select 430 diabetic patients who have been diagnosed for more than 3 months. Demographic data, clinical data and other data related to glycemic control were collected through questionnaires. Meanwhile, blood samples were collected for determination Glycosylated hemoglobin value (HbA1c). Multivariate linear regression analysis and single factor regression analysis were used to analyze the impact of various factors on HbA1c control compliance. Results: HbA1c was (8.7 ± 2.6)% in 430 diabetics and HbA1c ≤ 7.0% in 34% of diabetics. Univariate regression analysis showed that HbA1c was better controlled in patients with diabetes, higher frequency of blood glucose monitoring, awareness of glycemic control goals, better public health environment, but with upgraded treatment, HbA1c was poorly controlled in insulin-treated patients. Multivariate linear regression analysis found that the older, participating in diabetes education, higher frequency of blood glucose monitoring, awareness of the goal of glycemic control is the protective factor of HbA1c, and the escalated treatment is the risk factor of HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of glycemic control goals, participation in diabetes education, and higher frequency of blood glucose monitoring are controllable factors that contribute to achieving HbA1c compliance, and increasing the awareness of glycemic control goals may be the simplest and most effective way to reduce HbA1c.