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目的 探讨炭黑暴露对小鼠脑组织炎症损伤的影响.方法 将20只健康9周龄SPF级C57BJ/6雄性小鼠随机分为对照(空气)组和炭黑组,每组10只.应用动式吸入染毒的方法对炭黑组小鼠进行吸入染毒,染毒剂量为30 mg/m3,每天6h,连续14d.应用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察小鼠皮质、海马组织的结构变化;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定小鼠海马、皮质、下丘脑、纹状体和嗅球中白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量;应用Real-Time PCR方法检测小鼠皮质和海马IL-4、IL-6 mRNA的表达水平.结果 与对照组相比,炭黑染毒小鼠皮质可见细胞核固缩,深染;海马区神经元细胞排列紊乱,细胞核固缩.与对照组比较,炭黑组小鼠皮质、海马及下丘脑中IL-4的水平均较高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而纹状体、嗅球中IL-4的水平均无明显改变.与对照组比较,炭黑组小鼠皮质、海马、纹状体及下丘脑中IL-6的水平均较高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而嗅球中IL-6的水平无明显改变.与对照组比较,炭黑组小鼠皮质、海马中IL-4、IL-6 mRNA表达的水平均较高,但仅海马中IL-4、IL-6 mRNA表达的水平差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 炭黑染毒可引起小鼠脑组织中炎症因子表达增加,引发炎症反应,其中皮质、海马、下丘脑炎症损伤较为严重,这可能是炭黑致中枢神经系统损伤的机制之一.“,”Objective To investigate the inflammatory injury in cerebral tissues of mice exposed to carbon black (CB).Methods A total of 20 healthy nine-week-old SPF grade male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group and CB exposure group,10 in each.The mice in CB group were exposed to CB in the inhalation chamber at 30 mg/m3,6 h/d,for 14 consecutive days.The pathological changes in the cortex and hippocampus were observed by HE staining.The expression levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4),interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein and mRNA in cerebral tissues were determined by ELISA and real-time PCR.Results A large number of neurons in the cortex were degenerated and some neurons in the hippocampus were disordered,and with nuclear condensation in CB group.The IL-4 protein levels in cortex,hippocampus and hypothalamus in CB group were significantly higher than that in control group respectively (P＜0.05).There was no significant change in the expression levels of IL-4 protein of striatum and olfactory bulb in each group.The IL-6 protein contents in cortex,hippocampus,striatum and hypothalamus in CB group were significantly increased than that in control group respectively (P＜ 0.05).There was no significant change in the expression levels of IL-6 protein of olfactory bulb in each group.Compared with the control group,the expression of IL-4 and IL-6 mRNA in both cortex and hippocampus of CB group were increased.But only the changes of IL-4 and IL-6 mRNA in hippocampus were significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Carbon black exposure may cause the increase of inflammatory factors in brain tissue,especially in cortex,hippocampus,hypothalamus serious,which may be one of the mechanisms of neurotoxicity induced by carbon black.