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目的:了解地处南方沿海地区的钦州市2002～2006年5年间出生缺陷的流行病学特征,为政府制定和采取干预措施提供依据。方法:按全国出生缺陷监测方案的要求,对2002年1月1日～2006年12月31日钦州市12家出生缺陷监测医院住院分娩的孕满28周至产后7天内的围产儿进行监测。结果:5年共监测围产儿48738人,出生缺陷儿920例,出生缺陷儿发生率188.76/万,明显高于全国平均水平。前5位出生缺陷依次为胎儿水肿综合征、多指、肢体短缩、先天性脑积水、唇裂。在合并缺陷中最多者为胎儿水肿合并肢体短缩者18例,占合并缺陷者的17.31%。每年的缺陷发生率差异无显著性,母亲>35岁组的出生缺陷发生率高于20～25岁组,差异有显著性,与30岁组的差异无显著性。双胎出生缺陷儿发生率高于单胎,差异有显著性。农村缺陷儿发生率高于城市,差异有显著性。第一胎发生率占39.02%,第一产占59.67%,家庭收入1200元以下的占76.4%,初中以下文化程度占83.80%,产前确诊率为50.22%,接触有害物质10.33%。结论:加强领导,完善管理,提高三级预防措施与能力,减少出生缺陷的发生,使南方沿海地区的出生缺陷特别是胎儿水肿综合征发生率降至最低水平。
Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of birth defects in Qinzhou City, located in the southern coast of China from 2002 to 2006, to provide evidence for the government to make and take intervention measures. Methods: According to the requirements of national birth defects monitoring program, perinatal infants were monitored during 28 weeks of pregnancy to 7 days after delivery in 12 birth defect monitoring hospitals in Qinzhou from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2006. Results: During the five years, 48,738 perinatal infants were monitored, 920 infants with birth defects and 188.76 infants with birth defects, which were significantly higher than the national average. The first five birth defects followed by fetal edema syndrome, multi-finger, limb shortening, congenital hydrocephalus, cleft lip. Among the combined defects, 18 cases were most associated with fetal edema and limb shortening, accounting for 17.31% of those with combined defects. There was no significant difference in the annual incidence of defects. The incidence of birth defects in the mothers> 35 years old group was higher than that in the 20-25 years old group, the difference was significant, but there was no significant difference with the 30 years old group. The incidence of twin birth defects was higher than that of single births, the difference was significant. The incidence of rural defects was higher than that of cities, the difference was significant. The first birth rate accounted for 39.02%, the first production accounted for 59.67%, family income of 1200 yuan accounted for 76.4%, junior high school education accounted for 83.80%, prenatal diagnosis rate was 50.22%, 10.33% of exposure to hazardous substances. Conclusion: To strengthen leadership, improve management, improve preventive measures and abilities, and reduce the incidence of birth defects, so that the birth defects in southern coastal areas, especially the incidence of fetal edema syndrome to a minimum.