20世纪,波兰进行了政治和经济上的一系列变革,包括私有化、劳动力市场、对外贸易、外国直接投资等四方面,这种转轨总体方向是市场化,民主化,融入世界经济,加入欧盟。波兰的经济转轨过程相对于其他东欧国家是比较成功的,但失业率过高和对外贸易赤字过大等问题仍是波兰经济发展的主要矛盾。 In the 20th century, Poland carried out a series of political and economic changes, including privatization, labor market, foreign trade and foreign direct investment. The overall direction of such a transition is marketization, democratization, integration into the world economy, accession to the EU . Poland’s economic transition process is relatively successful compared to other Eastern European countries, but the unemployment rate is too high and the foreign trade deficit is still the major issue of Poland’s economic development is still the main contradiction.