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环境考古学的理论和方法的应用使中国考古学进入了一个新的时代,中国的环境考古学研究在过去20多年来也有了前所未有的成就。目前,环境考古已基本成为普遍的研究方法应用于很多考古学的课题中,而且,环境考古的理论和方法也会伴随中国考古学的发展而更加完善。然而环境考古学本身对考古工作者提出了更高的要求,不仅需要考古学家有坚实的考古学理论和方法,而且还要掌握古环境科学的基本理论和方法及其如何在考古学中的应用。对于考古学家来说,对那些针对考古学研究的古环境学研究的理论和方法的理解是非常重要的。考古学家如果能够初步将古环境复原的方法和理论应用于考古学研究将是十分必要的。为了能使更多的考古学家掌握基本的古环境复原的方法,本文试图从考古学研究的角度来探讨环境考古的基本理论和方法,并以辽西地区的古环境为例进一步说明如何解读那些像孢粉等的古环境数据,以此推动中国环境考古学研究的开展。
The application of the theories and methods of environmental archeology has brought Chinese archeology into a new era. The study of environmental archeology in China has also made unprecedented achievements over the past two decades. At present, the environmental archeology has basically become a common research method applied to many archeological topics, and the theory and method of environmental archeology will be accompanied by the development of Chinese archeology and more perfect. However, environmental archeology itself put forward higher requirements for archaeologists. They not only need archaeologists to have solid archeological theories and methods, but also master the basic theories and methods of paleoenvironmental science and how they are used in archeology application. For archaeologists, understanding of the theories and methods of paleoenvironmental research directed at archaeological research is of great importance. Archeologists will be essential if they are able to apply the methods and theories of paleoenvironment restoration to archaeological research. In order to enable more archeologists to master the basic methods of restoration of ancient environment, this paper attempts to explore the basic theory and method of environmental archeology from the perspective of archeology. Taking the paleoenvironment in western Liaoning as an example to further explain how to interpret those Paleoenvironmental data such as sporopollen, in order to promote the development of China’s environmental archeology.