目的:监测南通市5岁以下儿童死亡状况、死因结构及相关因素,探索降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的有效途径。方法:对南通市2005-2011年5岁以下儿童死亡信息进行统计分析。结果:2005-2011年南通市5岁以下儿童死亡率呈逐年下降趋势,平均死亡率为7.09‰,死因前5位依次是先天性心脏病、溺水、早产低出生体重、出生窒息、其他先天异常。结论:加强围产保健,完善三级保健网络,提高产科、儿科技术水平,可以有效降低5岁以下儿童死亡率。 Objective: To monitor the death of children under 5 years of age in Nantong City, the cause of death and related factors, explore ways to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age. Methods: Statistical analysis was made on the death information of children under 5 years old from 2005 to 2011 in Nantong City. Results: The mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in Nantong from 2005 to 2011 showed a declining trend with an average mortality rate of 7.09 ‰. The top five causes of death were congenital heart disease, drowning, premature birth, low birth weight, birth asphyxia and other congenital anomalies . Conclusion: Strengthening perinatal health care, perfecting tertiary health care network and improving obstetrics and pediatrics can effectively reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age.