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随着气候变暖及种植业结构的调整,青海省东部冬小麦的种植不断向高海拔地区扩展,为勘定小麦条锈菌在青海冬麦区的越冬情况,2008—2012年以青海省民和、乐都、尖扎、化隆、循化、贵德等地为试点,按照海拔梯度设立观测圃进行定点越冬观察。结果表明,一般年份小麦条锈菌在青海省东部地区海拔1 777~2 233 m均可越冬。不同年份间条锈菌能否越冬及越冬率的高低差异很大,当1月份平均气温在-8.0℃以下时,条锈菌在所有区域均不能越冬;当1月份平均气温在-5.0℃以上时,条锈菌能够越冬。此外,1—3月的降水量对小麦条锈菌的越冬也有影响。不同海拔地区条锈菌的越冬率存在一定差异,总趋势是海拔越低病菌越冬率越高,海拔越高病菌越冬率越低。
With the adjustment of climate warming and the structure of planting industry, the cultivation of winter wheat in eastern Qinghai Province continued to expand to high altitude. In order to assess the overwintering of wheat stripe rust in the winter wheat region of Qinghai Province, from 2008 to 2012, Leda, Jianzha, Hualong, Xunhua, Guide and other places as a pilot, in accordance with the establishment of an elevation gradient observation garden for fixed-point winter observation. The results showed that wheat stripe rust could be wintering in the east of Qinghai Province from 1 777 to 2 233 m in the general year. Stripe rust overwintering and overwintering rates varied greatly in different years. When the average temperature in January was below -8.0 ℃, the stripe rust could not overwinter in all regions. When the average temperature in January was above -5.0 ℃ Stripe rust can overwinter. In addition, the precipitation from January to March also affected winter wheat stripe rust. There were some differences in overwintering rates of stripe rust in different elevations. The general trend was that the lower the altitude was, the higher the overwintering rate was, and the higher the altitude was, the lower the overwintering rate was.