自從1901年M.W.Benjernick發現了固氮菌以來,累積了大量研究資料。這種細菌屬於固氮菌科,它的標準屬種是Azotobacter chroococcum,體形大,具有固定空氣中氮素、很高的呼吸强度(Q_(o2)=2,000—4,000)和產生維生素乙等特異的生理習性。但因增產效果不很穩定且數量較小,很多國家還未用它作為細菌肥料或推廣應用。蘇聯從1926年開始廣泛試用於農業生產上,並且從實踐中肯定了它的效果而推廣應 Since 1901 M. W. Benjernick discovered azotobacter, a large amount of research data has been accumulated. This bacterium belongs to Azotobacteriaceae. Its standard genus is Azotobacter chroococcum, which has the characteristics of large body, fixed nitrogen, high respiratory intensity (Q_ (o2) = 2,000-4,000) and specific physiology such as vitamin B Habits. However, due to the stimulation effect is not very stable and a small number, many countries have not used it as a bacterial fertilizer or promote the use of. Since 1926, the Soviet Union has extensively experimented with agricultural production and, in practice, affirmed its effect and promoted it