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西安第四纪覆盖层受下伏岩层构造运动、人类工程活动及其它各种自然营力的作用而产生显著的不均匀沉降变形,导致地层出现地裂缝,构成了具有一定地裂缝分布特征、产状与运动特征的地裂区,从而使其中的地基基础与地下工程因地裂缝的发展变化而存在特殊的岩土工程破坏,如地基开裂、基础不均匀变形断裂、衬砌结构开裂或失稳、结构局部应力集中的强度破坏,等等。“点”式建筑的避让法和“线型”地下隧道工程的“局部调整地裂缝变形,兼顾主动适应变形和加强、改善支护结构”法是有效的工程治理方法。前者需要合理确定地裂缝上、下盘的安全距离,后者需要相应的防渗技术与结构措施及耐久、准确的监测技术,以便保证建筑或地下结构的安全运行。
The Quaternary overburden in Xi’an is affected by underlying tectonic movement, human engineering activities and other various natural caving operations, resulting in significant uneven settlement and deformation. As a result, ground fissures are formed in the Quaternary, resulting in the distribution of certain fractures So that the groundwork foundation and underground engineering in it have special geotechnical damage due to the development and change of ground fissures, such as foundation cracking, uneven base deformation, cracking or instability of lining structure, Structural strength of the local stress concentration damage, and so on. “Point ” type of building avoidance method and “Line ” underground tunnel project “Local adjustment of ground fissure deformation, take the initiative to adapt to deformation and strengthening, improve the support structure ” method is an effective method of project management. The former needs to reasonably determine the safety distance between upper and lower ground fissures, and the latter requires corresponding impervious technical and structural measures as well as durable and accurate monitoring techniques in order to ensure the safe operation of buildings or underground structures.