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任何一个逻辑推理都是由某一个或几个命题作为前提和某一命题作为结论所构成的,它是由一个命题或几个命题推出另一个命题的过程。“以事实为依据,以法律为准绳”,“由法官独立审判案件”正是将待决案件事实置之于法律规范构成要件之下,以获得特定判决的一种逻辑思维过程。这个演绎推理过程是三段论的典型格,即以普遍原理为大前提,以特定情况为小前提,由此推导出特定情况应该得到的结论。由于在审判工作中大量使用这种三段论推理的格式,因此这种典型的三段论格式又被称为审判格,其法律适用的过程就是以法律规范为大前提、案件事实为小前提、最后得出判决的推理过程。
Any logical reasoning consists of one or several propositions as the premise and a proposition as the conclusion. It is the process of introducing another proposition from one proposition or several propositions. “Fact-based and law-based” and “cases judged by judges independently” are exactly the logical process of thinking that sets the facts of pending cases under the elements of legal norms in order to obtain specific judgments. This process of deductive reasoning is a typical case of syllogism, that is, the general premise is the premise and the specific case is the minor premise, thus deriving the conclusion that a particular situation deserves. Due to extensive use of the format of the syllogistic inference in trial work, the typical syllogism format is also called the trial lattice. The legal applicable process is the legal premise, the case premise, and finally the conclusion Judgment of reasoning process.