组织化学染色是检测幽门螺杆菌较灵敏的方法，但迄今为止所有组织化学方法均不特异，特别是在细菌数量较少或经治疗后，更易造成假阴性结果。为此，我们建立了原位聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）方法，使用它对胃组织内的幽门螺杆菌进行检测。结果发现，相对于传统检测方法，原位ＰＣＲ具有较高的灵敏度和特异性，特别适用于细菌数量较少或经治疗后细菌变形或崩解的病例的检测。 Histochemical staining is a more sensitive method for the detection of Helicobacter pylori, but so far all histochemical methods are not specific, especially when the number of bacteria is small or after treatment, it is more likely to cause false-negative results. To this end, we established an in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect Helicobacter pylori in stomach tissue. It was found that in situ PCR has a higher sensitivity and specificity than traditional detection methods, and is particularly suitable for the detection of cases in which the number of bacteria is small or the bacteria have been deformed or disintegrated after treatment.