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目的了解2011—2015年甘肃省会宁县包虫病的流行情况,评价防治效果,为提高防治效益和采取综合防治措施提供科学依据。方法采用常规流行病学监测方法,血清学方法检测儿童包虫病特异性抗体,B超法检测人群包虫病患病情况;对宰杀的羊和牛肝、肺等内脏进行检查,了解羊、牛感染情况并计算患病率;采集家犬粪便检测粪抗原,计算家犬感染率。结果 2011—2015年B超检查70 036人,患病234例、患病率0.33%,人群患病率自项目执行开始逐年下降,不同年份人群患病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=281 080.000,P<0.05);检测6~12岁儿童血清7 952份,阳性319份、阳性率4.01%,不同年份儿童血清抗体水平差异有统计学意义(χ2=24 752.047,P<0.05);检测家犬粪便8 800份,阳性313份,阳性率3.56%,不同年份差异有统计学意义(χ2=10 147.363,P<0.05);检测羊内脏3 344份,阳性26份,阳性率0.78%,不同年份差异有统计学意义(χ2=6 755.970,P<0.05);健康教育问卷调查7 100人,健康教育实施前居民对包虫病防治知识知晓率为40.49%,实施后居民对包虫病防治知识知晓率为86.01%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=31 164.918,P<0.05)。结论会宁县包虫病防治项目执行良好,人群患病率、儿童感染率、犬感染率和家畜患病率均明显下降,会宁县包虫病的流行主要与经济状态和当地群众的不良生活习惯有关,所以加强包虫病防治知识宣传、对染病的动物内脏进行无害化处理及家犬的驱虫管理仍是今后包虫病防治工作的重点。
Objective To understand the epidemiology of hydatid disease in Huining County, Gansu Province from 2011 to 2015, evaluate the effect of prevention and treatment, and provide a scientific basis for improving prevention and treatment benefits and taking comprehensive prevention and treatment measures. Methods The routine epidemiological surveillance methods were used to detect the echinococcosis-specific antibodies in children by serological methods. The echinococcosis was detected by B-mode ultrasonography. The viscera of slaughtered sheep, beef liver and lungs were examined to find out the effects of sheep and cattle Infection and calculate the prevalence rate; collect dog feces detection fecal antigen, calculate dog infection rate. Results From 2011 to 2015, there were 70 036 B-ultrasonography cases with 234 cases of illnesses, the prevalence was 0.33%. The prevalence rate of the population declined year by year since the implementation of the project and the difference in prevalence among different years was statistically significant (χ2 = 281 080.000 , P <0.05). There were 7 952 serum samples from 6 to 12 years old children with 319 positives, the positive rate was 4.01%. There was a significant difference in serum antibody levels between different years (χ2 = 24 752.047, P <0.05) 880 canine faeces, positive 313, the positive rate of 3.56%, the difference was statistically significant in different years (χ2 = 10 147.363, P <0.05); detection of visceral 3 344, positive 26, the positive rate of 0.78%, different (Χ2 = 6 755.970, P <0.05). There were 7 100 questionnaires of health education, and residents’ awareness of hydatid disease prevention and control before implementation of health education was 40.49% Knowledge awareness rate was 86.01%, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 31 164.918, P <0.05). Conclusions The hydatid disease prevention and treatment project in Huining County has performed well. The population prevalence rate, children infection rate, dog infection rate and the prevalence rate of livestock were significantly decreased. The prevalence of hydatid disease in Huining County was mainly related to the economic status and the bad habits of local people Therefore, strengthening the publicity on the knowledge of hydatid disease prevention and treatment, and detoxifying the internal organs of infected animals and the de-worming management of domestic dogs are still the focus of future hydatid disease prevention and control work.