一、现代化的基本涵义和标准 现代化是指在科技和产业革命的推动下,由工业引起的传统农业社会向现代化工业社会的转变,以及由此导致的社会经济、政策、文化等各个领域的深刻变革过程。目前国际上比较常用的现代化标准是美国社会学家英格尔斯六十年代提出的十项社会现代化指标,内容如下: (1)人均国内生产总值(GDP)——3000美元以上。(2)非农 I. Basic Implications and Standards of Modernization Modernization refers to the transformation from traditional agricultural society to modern industrial society driven by industry driven by science and technology and industrial revolution and the consequent profoundness in various fields such as social economy, policy and culture Change process. At present, the most commonly used modern standard in the world is the ten social modernization indicators put forward by the British sociologist Ingalls in the 1960s. The contents are as follows: (1) Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) - over 3,000 U.S. dollars. (2) Non-agricultural