日本:住宅金融公库作用大日本是一个市场经济体制国家,政府住房政策的基本思想是:第一,住房是私人财产,不同于道路等公共财产。因而后者由政府负责建设和管理,前者应该由市场来供给和分配,即住房是由市场供求关系决定其生产、供应、流通及分配。第二,市场并不能确保为国民提供优良的住宅,因而政府必须对市场进行干预和指导。政府干预的方式:一是通过融资、税收手段诱导市场向政府的住房目标靠拢;二是通过建立公营住房机构,直接向国民提供住房。为了解决中低收入家庭住房问题,日本政府建立了以住宅金融公库、日本住宅都市整备公团等为主体的社会保障性住房供应体系。住宅金融公库的资本金为972亿日元,由国家投入,归公库所有,其信贷资金来源主要是财政低息贷款。公库的信贷对象可分为三类:一是居民,二是住房发展商,三是住房用地开发商。对居民的贷款,主要受益者是中低收入居民,且建、购住房面积越小,利率越低,体现 Japan: The Function of Residential Financial Repository Japan is a country with a market economy system. The basic thinking of the government housing policy is: First, housing is private property, unlike public property such as roads. Therefore, the latter is to be constructed and managed by the government. The former should be supplied and distributed by the market. That is, housing is determined by the supply and demand of the market to determine its production, supply, circulation and distribution. Second, the market does not ensure the provision of good housing for its citizens. Therefore, the government must intervene and guide the market. Government intervention: First, through financing, tax instruments to induce the market closer to the government’s housing goals; Second, through the establishment of public housing agencies, to provide housing directly to the people. In order to solve the housing problem for low and middle-income families, the Japanese government has established a system of housing for social security based on a residential financial publichouse and a Japanese residential and urban development public corporation. The capital of the residential financial public pool is 97.2 billion yen, which is invested by the state and owned by the public pool. The source of its credit funds is mainly low interest loans. The public credit object can be divided into three categories: First, residents, and second, housing developers, third, developers of land for housing. Loans to residents, the main beneficiaries of low-income residents, and build, purchase housing area is smaller, the lower the interest rate, reflected