论文部分内容阅读
张氏格格翼龙正型标本(IVPPV 11981)是产自辽西北票四合屯义县组下部的一件保存不完整的梳颌翼龙类化石材料。本文记述的新材料IVPP V 11972与正型标本产出于同一地点的相同层位,具有正型标本的3个独有特征,即泪骨前突位于鼻骨之上,额骨前部和侧部边缘处有广泛蚀痕以及颈椎具有高的神经脊且背部有瘤状膨胀,据此将其归入张氏格格翼龙。通过对新材料V 11972和进一步修理的正型标本的形态观察,对张氏格格翼龙的特征进行了补充,增加一个属征:鼻骨背腹向具有两个小孔。这一特征在正型标本中同样被观察到,但在其他翼龙中都没有出现,仅在飞龙中观察到一个孔和一个凹陷。同时补充了张氏格格翼龙的椎体和肩带等的一些特征,如背椎没有完全愈合,荐椎数量为3~4枚,尾椎约9枚;肱骨三角嵴不是十分发育,三角嵴颈及其与肩胛乌喙骨相关联的关节窝不发育;具有前端呈扇形的前耻骨,耻骨闭孔有小骨片覆盖等。依据格格翼龙新的特征,将其与我国发现的归于梳颌翼龙科(Ctenochasmatidae)的华夏翼龙(Cathaypterus)、环河翼龙(Huanhepterus)及鸢翼龙(Elanodactylus)进行了对比。依据齿槽处的纵向沟、牙齿分布密度以及吻端的长度比例等,认为格格翼龙和华夏翼龙有一定区别,但亲缘关系较近,同属梳颌翼龙亚科(Ctenochasmaniae),并建议将华夏翼龙的鼻眶前孔较小的属征修订为其吻端较长。格格翼龙的个体远小于环河翼龙,依据牙齿数量和排列的差异推测它们的捕食方式和食物类型存在明显的区别,应不属于同一亚科。新材料与鸢翼龙的明显区别主要在肱骨上,前者肱骨的肩胛骨关节窝不发育,而后者的这一结构明显。由于鸢翼龙没有保存头骨,它的分类位置不是十分确定,同时鸢翼龙具有许多梳颌翼龙类所不具有的特征,如第一翼指骨短于第二和第三翼指骨,掌骨较短等。
Zhang’s grid Pterosaur positive specimen (IVPPV 11981) is a piece of fossil pterosaur fossil material with incomplete preservation originating from the lower part of Sihetun County in Liaoning Province. The new material IVPP V 11972 described in this paper is produced in the same layer as the positive specimen at the same site and has three unique features of the positive specimen, namely, the lacrimal protrusion is located on the nasal bone and the frontal and lateral frontal Extensive erosion of the edges and the cervical spine with high nerve ridges and tumor-like dorsal expansion, which will be classified as Changge Pterosaur. Through the morphological observation of the new material V 11972 and the further repaired positive specimen, the features of the Chang’s grid pterosaur have been supplemented with one additional feature: the dorsal nasal bone has two small holes. This feature is also observed in positive specimens, but not in other pterosaurs, with one hole and one depression observed in the dragon. At the same time, Zhang’s grid pterosaur vertebral body and shoulder straps are also added with some features such as incomplete dorsal vertebrae, 3 to 4 vertebrae, and 9 caudal vertebrae. The humerus triangle crest is not very developed, The neck and its associated glenoid scapula with black beak bone is not developed; with the front of the fan-shaped anterior pubic symphysis pubic bone covered with a small piece of bone. Based on the new features of the grid pterodactyl, it is compared with the Cathaypterus, Huanhepterus and Elanodactylus found in China in Ctenochasmatidae. According to the longitudinal grooves at the alveolus, the distribution density of the teeth and the length ratio of the snout, it is considered that there is a certain difference between the giant pterosaur and the Chinese pterosaur, but their close genetic relationship belongs to Ctenochasmaniae. Huaxia pterosaur nasal orbital anterior orifice of the smaller attributes revised for its long snout. The individuals of the grid pterosaurs are much smaller than those of the river pterosaurs. According to the differences in the number and arrangement of teeth, it is presumed that there is a clear distinction between their predation pattern and the type of food and should not belong to the same subfamily. The obvious difference between the new material and the kite pterosaur mainly in the humerus, the former humerus scapular joint socket is not developed, while the latter of this structure is obvious. As the iris did not save the skull, its classification position is not very sure, while the kite pterosaurs with many of the characteristics of comb pterosaurs do not have, such as the first wing phalanx shorter than the second and third wing phalanges, metacarpal Short and so on.