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一、建立适应社会主义市场经济要求的社会保险制度 社会保险是国家通过立法建立的一种社会保障制度,目的是使劳动者在因为年老、患病、生育、伤残、死亡等原因暂时或者永久丧失劳动能力时,或因为失业而中断劳动时,能够从社会获得物质帮助。社会保险制度是社会保障制度的核心,包括养老保险、失业保险、医疗保险、工伤保险和生育保险等各项内容。 第二次世界大战以后,世界上实行社会保险的国家急剧增加,到1993年,实行社会保险制度的国家已达163个。这些国家社会保险的性质、内容和方法各不相同,但有三点共性:一是强制性,即作为政府行为,由国家立法,强制实施;二是互济性,即按照“大数法
I. Establishing a Social Security System Adapting to the Requirements of a Socialist Market Economy Social insurance is a kind of social security system established by the state through legislation so as to enable laborers to work in social security for a short period of time due to old age, illness, birth, disability, death, Permanent material incapacity, or interruption of work because of unemployment, can obtain material help from the community. Social insurance system is the core of the social security system, including pension insurance, unemployment insurance, medical insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance. After World War II, the world’s number of countries implementing social insurance increased sharply. By 1993, the number of countries that had implemented the social insurance system had reached 163. The nature, content and methods of social insurance in these countries vary from one country to another. However, there are three commonalities: one is compulsory, that is, as a government act, the state legislates and enforces it; the other is mutual aid, that is,