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哈贝马斯立足于交往合理性理论,按照他自己的解释模式对历史唯物主义的基本范畴进行批判性考察,并依据当代资本主义社会的新情况,批判了教条化的马克思主义对现实社会问题的解释失效,主张用“新进化论”和结构主义的观点“重建”历史唯物主义。然而,哈贝马斯并没有把马克思的原典和后来的庸俗的、教条化的马克思主义区分开来。在他重新检视历史唯物主义的基本范畴时,曲解了马克思哲学由以建基的“劳动”概念,将其归结为工具理性行为范畴。由此引发的对唯物史观其他范畴的批判,就更加远离了马克思哲学的本义。
Based on the theory of communicative rationality, Habermas critically examines the basic categories of historical materialism according to his own interpretation model and criticizes the dogmatism of Marxism on the actual social issues based on the new situation of contemporary capitalist society The explanation is invalid, advocating “new evolution theory” and structuralist view of “reconstruction” of historical materialism. However, Habermas did not distinguish Marx’s original text from the later vulgar and dogmatic Marxism. When he reviewed the basic categories of historical materialism, he misinterpreted the concept of “labor” built by Marxist philosophy and attributed it to the category of instrumental rational behavior. The resulting criticism of other areas of historical materialism further departed from the original meaning of Marx’s philosophy.