精确测量了出炉铁水包的热损失。此测量包括通过铁水包衬的热传导和金属表面的热辐射。测得的热损失与可得到的热(即精炼反应热、金属由于冷却发生的显热变化)进行了对比。测量值和热平衡所用的值都不必须具有科学的精确度。尽管如此,这些结果清楚地表明发生了下面这些热损失:大多数情况下铁水包上而的辐射变化于100—200kW/m~2;而铁水包表面的对流大约为6kW/m~2。即使考虑表面积不同,这些数字清楚地说明在什么地方和如何能够节约这些热能。 Precise measurement of the hot loss of hot metal. This measurement includes the heat conduction through the ladle and the heat radiation from the metal surface. The measured heat loss is compared to the available heat (ie, the heat of the refining reaction, the change of the sensible heat of the metal due to cooling). Neither the measured value nor the value used for thermal equilibrium need to be scientifically accurate. Nevertheless, these results clearly show that the following heat losses have occurred: in most cases the radiative change in the ladle is 100-200 kW / m 2; and the convection on the ladle surface is approximately 6 kW / m 2. Even considering the different surface areas, these figures clearly show where and how this heat can be saved.