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目的:探讨老年人下肢动脉粥样硬化与心血管危险因素的相关性。方法:连续入选2013-05至2014-11于我科住院行下肢动脉彩色超声的患者700例,根据年龄分为青中年组(n=83例)、老年组(n=377例)、高龄老年组(n=240例),根据下肢动脉彩色超声对动脉硬化严重程度评分标准,其中正常患者112例、轻度硬化患者81例、中度硬化患者466例、重度硬化患者41例,比较其危险因素的差异。结果:二分类多因素非条件Logistic回归分析示,年龄、吸烟、糖尿病史、血清尿酸(UA)、踝肱指数(ABI)是下肢动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素[回归系数(B)分别为:0.144,1.496,0.963,0.004,-2.510;95%可信区间(CI):1.120~1.190,2.257~8.824,1.456~4.716,1.001~1.007,0.012~0.534;P值:0.000,0.000,0.001,0.006,0.009];有序多分类Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、男性、吸烟、ABI、UA、高血压病史与动脉硬化严重程度相关(回归系数分别为:0.130,0.737,0.592,-3.365,0.003,0.735;95%CI:0.097~0.162,0.222~1.252,0.052~1.132,-4.674~-2.055,0.001~0.005,0.313~1.157;P值:0.000,0.005,0.032,0.000,0.005,0.001);与青中年组相比,老年组、高龄老年组中、重度硬化病变率明显较高;高龄老年组中、重度硬化病变率亦较老年组高(P均<0.01),差异有统计学意义;随着增龄,下肢动脉粥样硬化严重程度评分升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:与青中年相比,老年人下肢动脉粥样硬化程度较重;增龄、吸烟、糖尿病史、UA、ABI是下肢动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素;其严重程度与高龄、男性、吸烟、UA、ABI、高血压病史相关。