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嗜热微生物包括中度嗜热微生物和极端嗜热微生物,主要栖息于热泉、火山口、海底热液喷口、高温反应器以及工厂高温废水排放区等自然或人为产生的高温环境中。它们可以生活在40-80°C、甚至更高的温度中,其中有些具备嗜酸性及特殊的代谢类型,在高温生物冶金过程中具有应用潜力。高温生物冶金较传统中温生物冶金更具优势,其能浸出某些难处理矿、解决浸矿过程的钝化问题,以及提高浸出效率等,目前已引起了生物冶金工业的重视。本文概述了应用于生物冶金的主要嗜热微生物的生理特点、耐热机制以及对铁、铜和砷等离子的耐受机制,进一步介绍了嗜热微生物在高温生物冶金中的发展及应用。
Thermophilic microorganisms include moderately thermophilic microbes and thermophilic microorganisms that predominate in natural or man-made high temperature environments such as hot springs, crater, subsea hydrothermal vents, high temperature reactors, and high-temperature wastewater discharges from factories. They can live at temperatures of 40-80 ° C or even higher, some of which are eosinophilic and have special metabolic types and have potential applications in high-temperature bio-metallurgy processes. The high temperature bio-metallurgy has more advantages than the traditional mesothermal metallurgy, which can leach some difficult-to-treat ore, solve the passivation problem of the leaching process and improve the leaching efficiency. At present, the bio-metallurgical industry has drawn great attention. This article summarizes the physiological characteristics, thermostability mechanisms, and tolerance mechanisms of the major thermophilic microorganisms used in bio-metallurgy, and further describes the development and application of thermophilic microorganisms in high-temperature bio-metallurgy.