论文部分内容阅读
目的：为评价煤尘对肺细胞的损伤，提供呼吸毒理学依据。方法：测定了淮北煤矿各个矿区煤样的游离二氧化硅含量。采用一次性气管内注入染尘方式，分析了大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中细胞成份与生化指标的变化，比较了不同矿区煤样标本对肺细胞毒性和病理改变，用全自动图象分析仪和数字模板画图仪进行了肺巨噬细胞内煤尘负荷的形态计量分析。结果：①淮北矿务局九个矿区煤样标本的游离ＳｉＯ２含量平均为６．３３％；②ＢＡＬＦ中细胞成份及生化指标的改变与煤尘含游离ＳｉＯ２量有剂量－效应关系；③对每一巨噬细胞内尘含量的形态计量分析表明，随着染尘剂量的增加，含尘巨噬细胞总数的百分率随之上升，巨噬细胞的表面积也随之增加，呈剂量－效应关系。结论：本研究中煤尘引起大鼠病理组织上可见急性肺损伤的呼吸性尘的阈剂量为１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，未见明显急性损伤呼吸性尘的阈下剂量为７．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，据此推算，引起人急性肺毒性反应的呼吸性尘阈浓度为４０．３６ｍｇ／ｍ３（相当于总尘空气浓度为１２１．０８ｍｇ／ｍ３）。
Objective: To evaluate the damage of coal dust on lung cells and provide the basis of respiratory toxicology. Methods: The content of free silica in coal samples of various mining areas in Huaibei Coal Mine was determined. A one-time intratracheal instillation of dust was used to analyze the changes of cell components and biochemical parameters in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in rats. The cytotoxicity and pathological changes of lung cells in coal samples of different mining areas were compared. Like the analyzer and the digital template plotter, morphometric analysis of coal dust load in pulmonary macrophages was performed. Results: (1) The free SiO2 content of coal samples in the nine mining areas of Huaibei Mining Bureau averaged 6.33%. (2) The changes of cell components and biochemical indexes in BALF were dose-effect relationship with the free SiO2 content in coal dust; (3) Morphometric analysis of the dust content in macrophages showed that as the dust dose increased, the percentage of total dust-containing macrophages increased, and the surface area of macrophages increased accordingly, showing a dose-response relationship. Conclusion: In this study, the threshold dose of respiratory dust with acute lung injury induced by coal dust in rat pathological tissues was 15 mg / kg and the subthreshold dose of respiratory dust with no obvious acute injury was 7.5 mg / kg Calculated to cause acute pulmonary toxicity of respiratory dust concentration of 40.36mg / m3 (equivalent to the total dust air concentration of 121.08mg / m3).