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目的:探讨氯胺酮(K粉)滥用的临床特点、维持滥用的因素和疗效等。方法:对本院2014年5月至2015年6月单独滥用氯胺酮的47例住院患者临床资料进行临床分析。结果:患者男性为主,普遍文化程度高中或中专以下(87.2%),无业或个体经营占89.4%。滥用氯胺酮诱因与维持滥用因素主要有同伴、烦恼、渴求等。临床表现为情感障碍、泌尿系统相关损害为主要临床相。患者精神症状消失时间在8-56天,平均(24.8±10.1)天。临床治愈24(51.1%),显著进步19例(40.4%),显效率91.5%,好转4例(8.5%)。结论:滥用氯胺酮诱因与继续滥用因素主要为同伴、烦恼和渴求。临床主要表现为精神症状、泌尿系统相关损害。药物治疗重点以处理精神症状、泌尿系统相关损害为主,兼顾心理治疗,疗效较好。
Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of ketamine (K powder) abuse, to maintain the abuse of factors and efficacy. Methods: The clinical data of 47 inpatients who were admitted to ketamine alone from May 2014 to June 2015 in our hospital were analyzed. Results: The patients were mainly male, with a general education background of 87.2% or below secondary school and 89.4% of them were unemployed or self-employed. Abuse of ketamine causes and abuse factors to maintain the main companion, worry, craving and so on. Clinical manifestations of affective disorders, urinary system-related damage as the main clinical phase. Patients with psychiatric symptoms disappear in 8-56 days, with an average (24.8 ± 10.1) days. Clinical cure was 24 (51.1%), significant improvement was in 19 cases (40.4%), markedly effective rate was 91.5%, improvement in 4 cases (8.5%). Conclusion: The predisposing factors and continuing abuse factors of ketamine abuse are mainly companions, worries and cravings. The main clinical manifestations of mental symptoms, urinary system-related damage. Drug treatment focus to deal with mental symptoms, urinary system-related damage, taking into account the psychological treatment, better efficacy.