“要想栽树活,除非树不知”这是流传已久的一句话。意思说冬末春初,树苗处在休眠时,尽早栽植容易成活。这种提法是否正确难以评价,因为查不出它是在什么情况下总结出来的。但是,根据群众经验和试验结果表明恰恰出现相反情况。无论从长城到长江,还是从长白山到黑龙江等地可谓群众普遍认为,不管果树还是绿化树木,“芽子吐绿最易成活……”。栽早栽晚都不利。实践中人们千百次重复实践无有例外,每年一度的春季植树有时成活多,有时相反。经过多年观察和前人积累经验证明越是接近萌芽期栽的树苗成活率越高,仔细分析还是有一定理论根据的,栽树成活能否其关键在于生出新根。新根发出要求一定土壤温度、湿度和透气等外界条件,这是外因。更需要体内产生一种生长素启动。生长素来源于茎尖生长点,只有在树“醒”过来芽萌发时,芽内茎尖生长点才能开始活动,产生新生长素,回流到根中刺激新根发出,有人试验带芽的葡萄插条生根容易得多,相反去掉芽的插条很难生根。如果去芽后在插条顶端上沫上人工合成的生长素(荼乙酸)它就容易发根了。用苹果苗做同样试验也得出同样结果,这表明活动芽对生根的作用,主要是生长素的效应。 “If you want to plant trees, unless the tree I do not know” This is a long-standing story. Mean early winter and spring, saplings in dormancy, easy to survive as soon as possible. Whether this formulation is accurate or not can not be evaluated because it can not be found out under what circumstances. However, according to the mass experience and the test results, the opposite situation appears to be the case. No matter from the Great Wall to the Yangtze River, or from Changbai Mountain to Heilongjiang, it is generally believed that the masses, regardless of fruit trees or green trees, “spit green sprouts most likely to live ......”. Early planting planted late unfavorable. In practice there are no exceptions to the repeated practice of hundreds and thousands of people, and annual tree planting sometimes yields more and sometimes vice versa. After many years of observation and accumulated experience of predecessors that the closer the seedling planted the higher the survival rate, a careful analysis or have some theoretical basis, the survival of the tree whether its key is to give birth to new roots. The new root requires some external conditions such as soil temperature, humidity and ventilation, which is the external cause. More need to produce an auxin in vivo start. Auxin derived from the growth point of the shoot tip, and only when the tree “awakens” bud germination, bud growth in the shoot tip to start activities to produce new auxin, back to the root to stimulate the new root issue, some people experiment with bud grapes Rooting of cuttings is much easier, on the contrary it is hard to take root cuttings with buds removed. It is easy to root if the synthetic auxin (acetamide) is applied to the top of the cuttings after the bud has been removed. The same result was obtained with the same experiment with apple seedlings, which shows that the effect of active bud on rooting is mainly the effect of auxin.