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踝关节扭伤在体育运动中极为多见,占所有关节韧带扭伤的首位。在田径、篮球、排球、网球运动项目中最常见。 扭伤原因很多,准备活动不够充分;场地不平,如砂地边底线潮湿,砂子过多过少过干等;穿的运动鞋不好;运动时精力不集中;跳跃跑动时踩在球上。个别中老年人体超重,踝关节负重特大,移动不注意,踝关节易扭伤。轻者韧带拉松,部分拉伤;重者韧带完全断裂或撕脱骨折。在临床中多见内翻扭伤。因为:一是外踝细长靠后且低于内踝,内踝宽平而靠前,外侧韧带较内侧韧带薄弱,较易扭伤和撕裂。二是由胫骨腓骨下端和距骨所构成的踝穴并非完全坚固,胫骨与腓骨之间的胫腓横韧带纤维斜向下方,同时,外踝内面的关节面比较倾斜,因此,腓骨下端能向上或向外作适当活动。三是在背伸的各肌肉中使足外翻背伸的第三腓骨肌力量不如使足内翻的力量大。由于以上原因,容易发生内翻扭伤。
Ankle sprain is extremely common in sports, accounting for the first place in all joint ligaments. In track and field, basketball, volleyball, tennis sport the most common. Sprained a lot of reasons, not enough to prepare for activities; site uneven, such as the bottom of the sand moist, too little or too dry sand; poorly worn sneakers; lack of concentration during exercise; jumping when running on the ball. Individuals in the elderly overweight, large ankle load, move not pay attention, easy to sprained ankle. Light ligament pull loose, part of the strain; severe ligament completely broken or avulsion fractures. More varus in clinical varus. Because: First, the lateral malleolus slender posterior and lower than the medial malleolus, medial ankle wide and forward, the lateral ligament than the medial ligaments weak, easier to sprain and tear. Second, the ankle formed by the lower end of the tibia fibula and the talus is not completely solid, the tibiofibular ligament fibers between the tibia and the fibula obliquely below, at the same time, the articular surface of the lateral malleolus is more inclined, so the lower end of the fibula can be up or Outside the appropriate activities. Third, in the dorsal extension of the muscles so that the eversion of the third fulcrum overturns the power of the third fibula so that the strength of the varus. For the above reasons, prone to varus.