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个体与政治的关系是现代政治的核心。根据启蒙运动的思想理路,个体优先于政治,政治是个体以公民的身份所从事的活动,它旨在保障个体始终持有人之为人的条件。启蒙政治理念决定了现代国家只能采取民主制的形式。代议制是现代国家的基本组织形式,是一种个体以间接的方式来维护其公民权利的制度安排,反映了启蒙政治理念对民族国家现实的妥协。同时,现代政治实践表明,启蒙政治理念还存在着进一步被异化的趋势,形成个体越来越淡漠于公民的意识,公民越来越淡出于政治的舞台,政治则越来越以个体为手段的结果。
The relationship between individual and politics is the core of modern politics. According to the Enlightenment’s thinking, the individual takes precedence over politics. Politics is the activity of an individual as a citizen. It aims at guaranteeing the conditions of an individual as a permanent holder. Enlightenment political philosophy determines the modern state can only take the form of democracy. The representative system is the basic organizational form of the modern state, an institutional arrangement in which individuals safeguard their civil rights in an indirect way, and reflects the compromise of enlightenment and political ideas on the reality of nation-state. At the same time, the practice of modern politics shows that the concept of enlightenment politics still has the tendency of being alienated further, forming an individual indifferent to the awareness of citizens, citizens are becoming more and more faded out of the political arena, and politics is more and more individualized result.