出门商传统上通过信用证方式求降低进口商的财务风险,但是,随着市场及行业惯例的改变,这种方式往往不总是适用的。 例如,一个新兴国家的政府采购公司欲进口石油产品,它通常会对供货合同进行公开招标,并邀请通过资格预审的国际石油公司提交密封的石油产品供货合同标书。 Traders have traditionally reduced the importer’s financial risk by letter of credit, but this approach often does not always apply as markets and industry practices change. For example, a government procurement company in an emerging country that wants to import petroleum products will usually open a tender for a supply contract and invite prequalified international oil companies to submit a sealed tender for a contract for the supply of petroleum products.