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0 指名性状语的概念界定 一般认为,状语是动词或形容词的修饰成分。然而这样的概括并不准确,因为没有涵盖所有的状语类型。例如“刚星期三”、“才三个人”中的状语就是修饰名词性词语的。此外,还有一种与动词“貌合神离”的状语类型。如: (1)他们的牙齿,全是白厉厉的排着。 (鲁迅) (2)祥子青筋蹦跳的坐下。 (老舍)很明显,这两句话中的状语“白厉厉”和“青筋蹦跳”语义上并不和动词构成真正的修饰关系,它们的语义是直接指向主语的。正是鉴于这种现象,刘月华先生在《状语的分类和多项状语的顺序》一文中把状语分成两类:描写性状语和非描写性状语,并在描写性状语中再分出“表示动作者动作时的情态”这一细类,其中包括“描写动作者”,和“描写动词宾语”两个方面。这种划分,无疑是一个重大突破。美中不足的是,这种划分仍未穷尽所有方面。如: (3)我一定把小东西还是活蹦乱跳地找回来。 (曹禺)
Definition of Nominal Terms It is generally accepted that adverbials are modifiers of verbs or adjectives. However, this generalization is inaccurate because it does not cover all adverbial types. For example, “just Wednesday”, “only three individuals,” the adverbial is the modification of nominal words. In addition, there is a type of adverbial verb that “looks aloof”. Such as: (1) their teeth, all white and lush. (Lu Xun) (2) Shoko blue bouncing sit down. (Lao She) Obviously, the adverbials “Hasty” and “Rebirth” in these two sentences do not, in their semantic sense, constitute a true modification of the verb, and their semantics point directly to the subject. It is in view of this phenomenon, Mr. Liu Yuehua in the “adverbial classification and a number of adverbial order,” one article is divided into two categories of adverbial: descriptive and non-descriptive adverbs, and in the description of the trait language and then divided “ Author’s modus operandi ”, which includes“ describe the actor ”and“ describe the verb object ”in two aspects. This division is undoubtedly a major breakthrough. The fly in the ointment is that this division has not yet exhausted all aspects. Such as: (3) I must keep the little things back and forth. (Cao Yu)