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为研究山区煤炭资源采空区地表沉陷移动规律,提高山区矿山地质环境影响评价工作精度,采用对塌陷地层工程地质条件、塌陷过程模拟再现的实验的方法,研究模拟地层及地表塌陷变形规律.研究结果表明:山区采空塌陷下沉曲线拐点位置会向山坡上升方向偏移,地表裂缝大小和分布特征与地表凹凸变化有关,地面坡度、表土层厚度和性质决定地表移动变形的大小和剧烈程度.研究结论初步得出地表岩层呈现出L型断裂的条件有利于指导煤矿安全开采,提出的地下采空区地表移动变形规律有助于支撑矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理.
In order to study the rule of surface subsidence and movement in mined-out area of mined-out coal resources in mountainous area and improve the precision of geo-environmental impact assessment of mines in mountainous area, the deformation laws of mock formation and surface subsidence are studied by using the experimental method of simulating the geological conditions and collapse process of subsidence strata. The results show that the inflection point of the sinking curve in the mountainous area will deviate to the ascent of the hillside. The size and distribution of the surface cracks are related to the variation of surface relief. The surface gradient, the thickness and nature of the surface soil layer determine the magnitude and severity of the surface moving deformation. The conclusions of the study conclude that the conditions of the L-type fracture in the surface rock are conducive to guiding the safe mining of coal mines. The proposed law of surface movement and deformation in the underground goaf contributes to the protection and restoration of geological environment of the supporting mine.