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瑞典海岸带是自然界提供的各种商品和服务利益冲突的场所。自由出入的条件以及许多服务的公有性质增加了解决这些冲突的难度。“可持续性”是一个模糊的但被广泛接受的、找到不同利益之间合理的折衷方案的准则。联合国关于可持续发展的观点表明,海岸带管理的目的应该是可持续的生态、经济及社会文化发展。通过进一步分析经济可持续性,人们认为,关于社会变化是否意味着益或损的经济分析应该考虑环境的经济价值。本文简要地评述了在瑞典海岸带背景下开展这种经济评价所采用的方法。值得注意是,财产权的情况对于评价研究的结果很重要。本文介绍了这一总的背景之后对瑞典海岸带问题的四项研究的设计和结果进行了扼要的陈述。其中一项研究是关于改善斯德哥尔摩群岛一个海水浴场水质的经济价值。其他三项研究分别是关于改善斯德哥尔摩群岛游钓渔业的经济价值的旅行成本研究,关于恢复鳟生境的价值的更新成本研究,以及关于改善瑞典西海岸沿岸水质的经济价值的选择试验研究。
The Swedish coastline is a place where conflicts of interest in the various goods and services provided by nature arise. The conditions for free access and the public nature of many services add to the difficulty of resolving these conflicts. “Sustainability ” is a vague but widely accepted guideline for finding a reasonable compromise between different interests. The United Nations perspective on sustainable development shows that the aim of coastal zone management should be sustainable ecological, economic and socio-cultural development. By further analyzing economic sustainability, it is believed that economic analysis of whether social change means profit or loss should take into account the economic value of the environment. This paper briefly reviews the methodology used to conduct such economic assessments in the context of the Swedish coastline. It is noteworthy that the situation of property rights is very important for evaluating the research results. This paper presents an overview of the design and results of the four studies on the Swedish coastline following this general background. One of the studies is about the economic value of improving the water quality of a beach in the Stockholm Archipelago. The other three studies were travel cost studies on improving the economic value of sport fishing in the Stockholm archipelago, updated cost studies on the value of restoring trout habitats, and pilot studies on the economic value of improving water quality along the Swedish West Coast coast.