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20世纪80年代以来的农业体制性转型极大地释放了中国农业的生产力,但从人民公社到分田单干导致了农业生产的无组织化和碎片化,并造成农业公共物品提供主体的缺乏。集体化时期投入大量资源建设的农田水利设施等再生性资本,不仅得不到有效维护,反而遭到遗弃,甚至是破坏;个体农民无法结成内生性组织,供给农业公共品。农业公共品的缺乏,使得农业生产“靠天”吃饭的弊端暴露无遗,凸显了小农生产的脆弱性,更凸显了农业非此即彼体制性转型所存在的弊端。解决三农问题过程中,急需解决的是农业生产过程中的农村组织再造问题。
The institutional transformation of agriculture in the late 1980s greatly liberated the productivity of agriculture in China. However, from communes to sub-fields, the unorganization and fragmentation of agricultural production led to the lack of the mainstay of agricultural public goods. Recycled capital, such as farmland and water conservancy facilities invested heavily in collectivization, not only failed to be effectively maintained, but was abandoned or even destroyed. Individual peasants could not form endogenous organizations and supply agricultural public goods. The lack of agricultural public goods exposed the disadvantages of agricultural production and “eating by the sky,” highlighting the vulnerability of smallholder farmers and highlighting the shortcomings in the non-consensual agricultural restructuring. In the process of resolving the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, what is urgently needed to be solved is the issue of rebuilding rural organizations in the course of agricultural production.