作为北京大学校长、中央研究院院长和五四时期新文化运动的领导人,蔡元培为中国科学事业作出了一系列的贡献,及科学思想历来为后人所重视。本文试从国内与国外两方面,来探讨蔡元培科学思想的形成与发展,进一步认识近代进步知识分子汲取传统与西方科学思想的心路历程,了解他们为谋求国家富强和民族振兴所付出的艰辛和努力。 As the president of Peking University, the dean of the Academia Sinica, and the leader of the New Culture Movement during the May 4th Movement, Cai Yuanpei made a series of contributions to the cause of science in China, and scientific ideas have always attached importance to future generations. This paper attempts to explore the formation and development of Cai Yuanpei’s scientific thinking both at home and abroad, and further understand the mentality of modern progressive intellectuals in drawing tradition and western scientific thought and understand the hardships and efforts they have made in seeking the prosperity of the country and the national rejuvenation .