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目的评估低温雨雪冰冻灾害可能造成的健康损失,为采取针对性的预防和减轻措施提供依据。方法收集了我国南方某省CZ市SX区1月13日到2月8日灾害期间主要医疗机构的临床记录,筛查其中死亡、骨折、一氧化碳中毒和心脏病急性发作等病例,并以人口普查资料作为计算本次发生率的分母,对灾害期数据与前两年同期数据进行了比较。结果与2006-2007年同期相比,灾害期间被调查地区的超额死亡率为0.98/10 000,其中循环系统和CO中毒的超额死亡率分别为0.49/10 000和0.35/10 000;与2004-2007年同期相比,灾害期间被调查地区主要与灾害有关的传染病超额发病率为-3.75/100 000;与2007年同期相比,灾害期间被调查地区急救转运病例发生率增加了0.98‰,医疗机构门诊就诊率下降了2.1‰,而急诊科门诊就诊率增加了0.08‰;医疗机构病人住院率下降了0.11‰,而CO中毒和骨折病人住院率分别增加了0.41‰和0.16‰。结论低温雨雪冰冻灾害增加了CO中毒、骨折和循环系统等特殊疾病的死亡率或发病率。有必要采取措施,预防和缓解和寒冷有关的疾病,特别是一氧化碳中毒的发生。
Objective To evaluate the possible health loss caused by freezing rain and snow disaster and provide the basis for taking targeted prevention and mitigation measures. Methods The clinical records of major medical institutions during the disaster period from January 13 to February 8 in SZ district of CZ city in a southern province of China were collected and screened for cases of death, fracture, carbon monoxide poisoning and acute attack of heart disease. Data as a denominator to calculate the incidence, the disaster data compared with the previous two years data. Results Compared with the same period of 2006-2007, the excess mortality rate in the investigated areas during the disaster period was 0.98 / 10,000, of which the excess mortality rates of circulatory system and CO poisoning were 0.49 / 10 000 and 0.35 / 10 000, respectively; Compared with the same period of 2007, the excess incidence rate of major disaster-related infectious diseases in the surveyed areas during the disaster period was -3.75 / 100000. Compared with the same period of 2007, the incidence of emergency transfer cases in the surveyed areas during the disaster period increased by 0.98 ‰, The outpatient visit rate of medical institutions dropped by 2.1 ‰ while that of emergency department outpatient visits increased by 0.08 ‰. The hospitalization rate of medical institutions dropped by 0.11 ‰, while the hospitalization rates of CO poisoning and fracture patients increased by 0.41 ‰ and 0.16 ‰, respectively. Conclusion Low-temperature rain and snow disasters have increased the mortality or morbidity of special diseases such as CO poisoning, fractures and circulatory system. It is necessary to take measures to prevent and alleviate cold-related diseases, especially the occurrence of carbon monoxide poisoning.