预后因素是患者诊治中非常重要的内容,大多数肿瘤患者的治疗决策取决于各种危险因素的存在与否。最突出的例子就是TNM(即肿瘤,淋巴结,远处转移)分期,但很多疾病都不能简单通过分期一个指标解决所有问题,而是要具体分析每个患者的综合预后因素。目前在判断胸腺瘤预后的临床研究中,一个主要的困难是缺乏实践指南,以至于到底哪些是预后因素尚不明确。本文叙述了临床实践中的一些问题并指出了临床研究中存在的各种偏倚,并试图提供解决方案,其中有许多方面在其它文献中作 The prognostic factor is very important in patient diagnosis and treatment. The treatment decision of most cancer patients depends on the presence or absence of various risk factors. The most prominent example is the TNM (tumor, lymph node, distant metastasis) staging, but many diseases can not simply solve all the problems by staging an indicator, but to comprehensive analysis of each patient's comprehensive prognostic factors. One of the main difficulties in the current clinical study to determine the prognosis of thymoma is the lack of practice guidelines so that in the end what are the prognostic factors is not yet known. This article describes some of the problems in clinical practice and points out the various biases that exist in clinical research and attempts to provide solutions, many of them in other literature