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目的评价我国五省市城乡居民洗手健康干预的近期效果。方法采用类实验研究,多阶段分层整群抽样设计,以五省市城乡60个干预社区和60个对照社区18~60岁居民为对象进行洗手健康教育活动。通过干预前(n=6 159)和干预后(n=6 140)两次问卷调查比较洗手行为和知识掌握的变化情况,评价洗手健康干预的近期效果。结果干预后,干预组居民“吃东西前”、“上厕所后”、“接触钱币后”和“干完农活、下班后”每次、经常洗手的比例均高于对照组,洗手时间≥20 s和不共用毛巾擦手的比例明显提高,正确洗手率由基线的49.2%上升到干预后的57.2%。农村居民正确洗手率提高程度高于城市,洗手知识知晓率提高程度低于城市。结论本次调查的洗手健康干预近期效果良好,居民在洗手时长和洗手知识的掌握上仍存在一定的问题,应加强重点地区重点人群的干预。
Objective To evaluate the recent results of health interventions in urban and rural residents in five provinces in China. Methods Class experimental study and multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design were used to conduct hand-washing health education activities in 60 interventional communities in urban and rural areas in five provinces and cities and in residents aged 18-60 in 60 control communities. The short-term effect of hand-washing health intervention was evaluated by comparing the changes of hand-washing behavior and knowledge mastery before intervention (n = 6 159) and after intervention (n = 6 140). Results After the intervention, residents in the intervention group had “before eating”, “after using the toilet,” “after touching the coin,” and “doing farm work after work,” and each time, the frequency of regular hand washing was high In the control group, the proportion of handwashing times> 20 s and non-shared towel hand was significantly improved, and the correct hand washing rate increased from 49.2% at baseline to 57.2% after intervention. The improvement rate of correct rate of hand-washing among rural residents is higher than that of urban areas, and the awareness of hand-washing knowledge is lower than that of urban areas. Conclusion The health intervention in this survey has good results in the near future. Residents still have some problems in their handwashing time and the knowledge of handwashing. Intervention should be strengthened among key population in key areas.