地震勘探是指通过人工方法激发地震波,研究地震波在地层中的传播情况,以查明地下地质构造和岩性特征,为寻找油气田服务的一种勘探方法,是一种较好的地质勘探手段。随着全国勘探开发程度的不断深入,已由平原区转向了各种具有复杂地形地物的地区,比如山地丘陵区、砾石区、流沙区、沙漠区等等。这些地区由于近地表的地震地质条件较差,给地震资料采集的激发、接收、组织施工等带来了很大的难度,而钻井成孔和下药问题是激发层面非常重要的一部分。如果激发深度太浅,会带来很多的干扰波,同时由于强虚反射面效应,地震波不能有效地传播到地下,导致接收到的地震信号能量不够、主频偏低。所以根据不同的地形地物选择合适的钻机、采用合适的钻进技术,确保钻进到最佳的激发岩性,可以带来最好的激发效果。 Seismic exploration refers to the method of stimulating seismic waves by artificial means and studying the propagation of seismic waves in the strata so as to find out the underground geological structure and lithological characteristics. It is a good geological prospecting method for finding an oil and gas field service. With the deepening of the national exploration and development, the area has been turned from the plain area to various areas with complex topography, such as mountainous hilly areas, gravel areas, quicksand areas, desert areas and so on. In these areas, the seismic geological conditions near the surface are poor, which bring great difficulty to the excitation, reception and organization construction of seismic data acquisition. The drilling and drilling and drilling are a very important part of the excitation level. If the excitation depth is too shallow, it will bring a lot of interference waves. At the same time, because of the strong reflection surface effect, the seismic waves can not effectively propagate to the ground, resulting in insufficient energy and low frequency of the received seismic signals. Therefore, according to different topography choose the right rig, the use of appropriate drilling technology to ensure that drilling into the best of the inspiring lithology, can bring the best stimulating effect.