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琉球国(今日本冲绳县)与中国之间有着悠久的交流往来的历史。两国正式的外交关系始于明太祖洪武五年(1372),明永乐二年(1404),琉球国开始接受明朝皇帝的册封,直到晚清同治五年(1866),前后长达500年之久。琉球国以“朝贡贸易”为重要国策。明洪武二十五年(1392)“闽人三十六姓”来琉,定居于琉球那霸久米村,他们对琉球社会以及文化做出了极大贡献。同时琉球国也采用“官生”留学生制度。为了弘扬和普及中国文化,到18世纪,在久米村孔子庙内设立了明伦堂。明伦堂可以说是久米村子弟的一所公共教育机关,除了在此实施汉语教育之外,还传授经学、诗文等。它奠定了琉球汉文和汉语官话的教育基础。本文先介绍琉球国社会和久米村明伦堂的一些情况,在此基础上探讨琉球国的汉文教育。
Ryukyu State (Okinawa Prefecture today) has a long history of exchanges with China. The official diplomatic relations between the two countries began in the Ming Taipingzu Hongwu five years (1372) and Ming Yongle two years (1404), and the Ryukyu State began accepting the seal of the Ming emperor until the late Qing Dynasty five years (1866), lasting for 500 years as long as. Ryukyu State to “tribute trade ” as an important national policy. Ming Hongwu twenty-five years (1392) “Min Thirty-six surnames ” to the Ryukyu, settled in Okinawa Nagasaki long rice village, they Ryukyu society and culture have made great contributions. At the same time, Ryukyu countries also adopt “Officials ” system of foreign students. In order to promote and popularize Chinese culture, by the 18th century, the Minglun Dum was established in the Confucius Temple at Kumim Village. Minglun Church can be said to be a public education institution in the village of Kumemi, in addition to implementing Chinese language education here, but also to teach the classics, poetry and so on. It laid the foundations for the teaching of Mandarin Chinese in Ryukyu. This article first introduces some of the Ryukyu State society and the Minglunjang Village in the village of Kume, and based on this, explores the Chinese language education in Ryukyu.