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地下地层的地质结构,包括地层的总体结构(构造学)及地层的内部结构(地层学)决定着地层的速度结构,而后者决定着地震波在传播过程中所发生的种种现象。地面地震工作是在地表记录这些现象。反过来可以通过地面观察到的这些现象去建立地下的速度结构,根据认识到的速度结构去建立地下的地质结构,包括构造与地层两个方面。我们把这种分析方法叫做《地震速度测深》。关键是如何用地面地震记录去求取比较准确的地下地震波传播速度值的方法,文章首先分析了影响求准速度的各种干扰因素,然后针对这些干扰因素的克服提出了新的计算速度的时差法。在求得速度值的基础上,文章叙述了计算反映地下构造与地层情况的若干参数的方法。通过这些参数和由它们组成的各种图件可以建立起地下速度结构的一些轮廓。文章也初步探讨了这个速度结构与油气藏之间所可能存在的关系。按照本文提出的数学模型,编制了第一个计算程序并进行了初步试验。试验结果表明:地震记录中确实蕴藏着能够反映地层情况的速度信息,也说明方法是很有前途的。整个方法还处于试验阶段,需要解决和完善的方面还很多,因此文章没有专门列出存在的问题而是提出了今后发展的方向。
The geological structure of underground formations, including the general structure of the strata (tectonics) and the internal structure of the strata (stratigraphy), determine the velocity structure of the formation, which determines the phenomena that occur during the propagation of seismic waves. Earthquake work is to record these phenomena on the surface. In turn, we can establish the subsurface velocity structure through the observed phenomena on the ground and establish the underground geological structure based on the recognized velocity structure, including the structure and strata. We call this method of analysis “seismic velocity sounding.” The key point is how to get the accurate velocity of the ground seismic wave by using the terrestrial seismogram. The article first analyzes the various interference factors that affect the quasi-quasi-speed and then proposes a new calculation of the time difference law. On the basis of obtaining the velocity value, the article describes the method of calculating a number of parameters reflecting the underground structure and formation conditions. With these parameters and the various figures made up of them, some profiles of the subsurface velocity structure can be established. The article also tentatively explored the possible relationship between this velocity structure and oil and gas reservoirs. According to the mathematical model proposed in this paper, the first calculation program has been prepared and a preliminary test has been carried out. The experimental results show that the seismic records do contain the velocity information which can reflect the formation conditions, and the method is very promising. The whole method is still in the experimental phase, there are still many aspects that need to be solved and perfected. Therefore, the article does not specifically list the existing problems but proposes the direction of future development.