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货币学派认为通货膨胀的根源在于不适当的货币政策和财政政策使得公共开支过大,出现严重的财政赤字,从而造成需求过大。因此,他们反通货膨胀的政策旨在消灭财政赤字,取消对价格的控制,限制信贷和货币的供给。结构主义者则认为通货膨胀是经济结构方面的问题所致,表现为农业部门不灵活,外贸和财政部门脆弱,加之供应不稳定和不充足,生产不能满足总需求的水平,从而形成通货膨胀的压力。在这些条件下,财政赤字和信贷增加都是通货膨胀的表现
The monetary school believes that the root cause of inflation is that inappropriate monetary and fiscal policies make public spending too large and there is a serious fiscal deficit, resulting in excessive demand. Therefore, their anti-inflation policy aims to eliminate the fiscal deficit, remove the control of prices and limit the supply of credit and money. Structuralists argue that inflation is caused by problems in the economic structure. This is manifested in the inflexibility of the agricultural sector, the fragility of the foreign trade and the financial sector, the unstable and inadequate supply and the inability of production to meet the aggregate demand so as to create inflation pressure. Under these conditions, both fiscal deficits and credit growth are indicators of inflation