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国际民航组织(International Civil Aviation Organization,ICAO)第38届大会上提出2016年前建立国际航空全球市场化减排机制(market-based measures,MBM)方案。在MBM方案设计过程中,碳排放配额的分配方式无疑是最关键的问题。文章首次从航空货运的角度对该问题进行了相关研究。在欧盟碳排放交易体系(European Union Emissions Trading Scheme,EU ETS)碳排放配额分配方法的理论基础上,对欧盟ETS对航空货运企业的实际配额分配进行了分析,发现航空货运企业均存在不同程度的剩余配额;进而剖析了造成这一现象的原因,并挖掘出背后的深层原因即EU ETS配额分配的不合理性。基于以上分析,提出了国际航空全球碳排放配额分配方法设计时应考虑的要素:遵循“无歧视”原则,保证利益分配上的公平;考虑客货运航空公司之间差异,以及发展中国家的特殊情况。
At the 38th International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Conference, a proposal was made to establish an international aviation market-based measures (MBM) scheme by 2016. In the MBM program design process, the allocation of carbon emissions quotas is undoubtedly the most crucial issue. The article for the first time from the air cargo point of view on the issue of related research. Based on the theory of the EU ETS allocation quota allocation method, the EU ETS is analyzed on the actual quota allocation of air cargo enterprises. It is found that there are different degrees of Remaining quotas; and then analyze the reasons for this phenomenon, and dig out the underlying reason behind the EU ETS quota allocation unreasonable. Based on the above analysis, the factors that should be considered in the design of the global carbon emission quota allocation method are proposed: follow the principle of “non-discrimination” to ensure the fairness in the distribution of benefits; consider the differences between passenger and cargo airlines, and the developing countries Special case.