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Margaret Chan， secretary-general of World Health Organization （WHO） said： “A country's future lies in the youth， and we can't lose them in traffic accidents.” Indeed， nearly 186，300 children under the age of 18 die from traffic accidents each year in the world， that is to say， one child dies young every four minutes. In fact， traffic accident is one of the four causes of children death who are above 5 years old， and the mortality rate in the developing countries is three times than that of the developed.
The third United Nations Global Road Safety Week， from May 3rd to 10th， 2015， themed by “Children and Road Safety”， aims to take actions to protect children through focusing on the dilemma of global children road safety. How to ensure children’s road safety is a problem for us to ponder.
世界卫生组织总干事陈冯富珍曾说，“一个国家的未来在于其年轻人，我们不能在道路交通事故中失去儿童。”的确，每年全世界有186，300名左右18岁以下的儿童死于道路交通事故，也就是说，每四分钟就有一个儿童在公路上过早死亡。事实上，道路交通伤害是所有五岁以上儿童的四大死因之一，而在发展中国家道路交通死亡率更是发达国家的三倍。
2015年5月3日-5月10日，是第三个联合国全球道路安全周，以“儿童和道路安全”为主题，旨在通过强调全球儿童道路安全的困境，采取行动以更好地保证他们的安全。如何确保儿童的交通安全，避免“花朵”的意外凋零？这确实是一个值得我们深思的问题。
Worrying situation of road safety
for children in China
中国儿童的道路安全状况令人堪忧
On Feb.2nd， 2012， a child of 5 years and a half old was crashed 15.5 meters away by a car when crossing the road guided by the head of a kindergarten in Shenyang Liaoning Province.
On Feb.19th， 2013， Mrs.Hu of Shenyang， carrying her 10-month baby， encountered a car accident on the road back home. Mrs.Hu was thrown out of the car while her baby dropped from her arms and survived luckily.
On Mar.12th， 2014， a traffic accident occurred in Ningbo： a father hit his daughter to death who was playing behind the car. He was then reversed the car and did not see his daughter.
2012年2月7日，在沈阳明沈线鑫宁家园前由东向西，一幼儿园园长在带一名五岁半的孩子过马路时，孩子被由南向北行驶的机动车撞出15.5米后死亡。
2013年2月19日，沈阳的胡女士抱着10个月大的儿子，回家途中遭遇车祸，胡女士和儿子及司机都从副驾驶门里被甩出，儿子从怀中掉出来，幸运生还。
2014年3月12日，宁波鄞州集士港发生一起交通事故：16个月大的女儿在车后玩耍，父亲没有看到，倒车时将其撞倒，最终孩子抢救无效死亡。
On May 25， 2015 Ruirui was hold in his mother’s arms in car when the whole family finished their travel to Lishui and back to Beijing. Suddenly the driver rear-ended the front car due to tailgating， leading to Ruirui jumping out of his mother’s arms and crashing into front windshield. After hospital invalid he was dead.
……
Lots of similar cases happen every year or even every day.
2015年5月25日，睿睿一家人乘车出行准备从丽水回北京，6个月大的睿睿被妈妈抱着坐在副驾驶位置。高速上因司机跟前车过近造成两车追尾。巨大的冲撞力下，睿睿一瞬间脱离妈妈怀抱，头部猛得弹到了车子的前挡风玻璃上，后经医院抢救无效死亡。 类似的事例还有很多很多，与其说每年都在发生，不如说几乎每天都在上演。
Dr. Shihede， representative of WHO in China， pointed out in an interview that over 10 thousand Chinese children died from traffic accidents. A Research Report on Road Traffic Injury of Chinese Children demonstrates two shocking data： 19620 traffic accidents involving children occurred in 2013， and 3749 of them caused children death.
However， many facts show that most people don’t concern about children’s safety and protection.
世界卫生组织驻华代表施贺德博士在接受媒体采访时指出，每年有超过1万名中国儿童死于交通意外。另据《中国儿童道路交通伤害状况研究报告》显示，2013年全国涉及儿童道路安全事故共计19620起，导致儿童死亡的事故3749起。以上出现的两个数据令人触目惊心。
然而，从种种现象来看，绝大多数人并没有真正把儿童安全保护放在心上。
“The situation of road traffic injury of Chinese children has become a common concern and pressing problem which is increasingly severe.” Lin Miao of judicial expertise department of China Automotive Technology&Research Center said that the mortality rate of Chinese children due to traffic accident was 2.5 times of that of Europe and 2.6 times of America's.
Chinese children’s road safety has been so severe that cannot be ignored.
“中国儿童道路交通伤害的形势日趋严峻，现已成为社会普遍关注并亟待解决的问题。”在5月6日联合国儿童基金会与新探健康发展研究中心共同举行的儿童道路安全媒体沙龙中，中国汽车技术研究中心司法鉴定所林淼表示，每年中国儿童因交通事故的死亡率是欧洲的2.5倍，美国的2.6倍。
中国儿童的道路安全状况，已经到了非重视不可的地步了。
Illegal car driving is
the main reason
机动车违法是最主要原因
On May 7th， 2015， A Research Report on Road Traffic Injury of Chinese Children was published by WHO， showing that road traffic injury being the second major cause of Chinese children from the age 0 to 17.
In fact， those young lives’ death on road can be avoided.
2015年5月7日世界卫生组织在有关主题宣传活动上发布了《中国儿童道路交通伤害状况研究报告》。《报告》显示，道路交通伤害已成为中国0～17岁儿童伤害致死的第二位死因。
而这些小生命在道路上的逝去，原本能够避免。
Starting from 2009， China’s production and sales scale of automobiles has ranked the first in the world with rapid development of ownership. The Report indicates that the number of vehicle ownership has reached 250 million， of which 137 million is automobile， and drivers has mounted to 279 million with highway mileage of 4.346 million km. Surging number of cars， together with bikes， motors， and pedestrians， contributes to complex road traffic situation. Compared with adults， children are more vulnerable to traffic accidents because of their physical， mental and behavior traits.
According to the Report on Road Traffic Accidents， 3749 of 19620 accidents have caused death of 3749 children under 18.
2009年起，中国的汽车产销规模持续位居世界第一位，汽车保有量快速增长。《报告》显示，截至2013年年底，中国机动车保有量达到2.5亿辆，汽车1.37亿辆，公路通车里程434.6万公里，机动车驾驶2.79亿人次。激增的汽车与自行车、摩托车、行人等共同构成了日益复杂的道路交通环境。相对于成人，孩子由于身体、智力的特点和行为特征，在道路交通安全中容易受到伤害。 据2013年的道路交通事故报告，19620起道路交通事故中，导致儿童死亡的事故共计3749起，3994名18岁以下的少年儿童死亡。
The Report analyzes that illegal driving is the main reason leading to road traffic accidents， with a high percentage of 86.09%. Wang Qiang， officer of Traffic Management Bureau Ministry of Public Security， pointed out that： “Walking and taking automobiles are the primary means of transportation that bring injuries to children.
According to a survey from the journalist， excessive speed accounts for 30% of death causes in high-income countries， while 50% in low-income and meddle-income countries. Roads next to school， residential areas and commercial districts are great threatens to children’s safety.
In London， cars must be driven within 30 km per hour near school and residential districts according to the regulation， and deceleration strip and obstacles are also be installed. Children from 0 to 14 have benefit from speed-limited zones since their set-up， mortality of pedestrians and riders decreasing considerably. Obviously， it is crucial to decelerating vehicles for the protection of children on road.
《报告》分析，机动车违法是导致涉及道路交通事故的最主要原因，比例高达87.09%。“伤亡儿童最主要的交通出行方式是步行和乘机动车。”公安部交通管理局副巡视员王强指出。
据记者调查后了解，高收入国家约三分之一、低收入和中等收入国家高达半数致死性道路交通事故的成因是速度过快。学校、居民区和商业区旁边公路给儿童带来了重大风险。
英国伦敦针对学校和居民区周边规定了每小时30公里的限速，并且在这些街道上还设置了减速带和障碍物。自这些“20迈已足够快”限速区建立以来，0-15岁儿童已经从中获益，行人和骑车人的死亡数量都有了大幅下降。可见，降低机动车速度对于保护道路上的儿童至关重要。
Low popularity of
child safety seats
儿童安全座椅普及率严重不足
Shi Hede， representative of WHO in China， has paid great attention to road safety of Chinese children. He used plenty of questions to express his anxiety： why do so many people ride without a helmet？ Why are so many people in car without wearing seat belts？ Why do so many automobiles run in cycling lanes？ Why don’t so many children use a safety seat？
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration （NHTSA）’s investigation shows that child safety seat has saved 8325 American children’s lives in 2006. Researches on the protective effect of child safety seat suggest that， 71% infancy （under 1 year old） and 54% preschool children （from 1 to 4 years old） who use the safety seat are in low mortality rate.
Actually， children safety seat has been proved fairly helpful in various researches， thus regulations of many countries force parents to install one in their cars. For instance， in Great Britain every child under 12 years old must use a safety seat or other devices for protection unless he or she is over 1.35 meters tall. Additionally， relevant regulations are specified in terms of different ages. Children at the age of 2 or below can be carried in a car in front or rear seat equipped with a safety seat approved safe by the European Union. For 3 years old， they must sit in rear seat equipped with protective installation. For 4 to 6， they must use a heightened child seat， and 6 to 12 must use heightened cushions， etc. 对中国的儿童道路安全，世界卫生组织驻华代表处代表施贺德表示了强烈关注。他曾经连续用了多个“为什么”表达他的担忧：在北京，为什么有这么多人骑车不戴头盔？为什么有那么多人乘坐机动车不系安全带？为什么有这么多的机动车占道？为什么有那么多的孩子不用安全座椅？
美国道路交通安全委员会（NHTSA）的调查显示，2006年儿童安全座椅挽救了约8325名美国儿童的生命。对儿童安全座椅保护效果的研究则表明，71%的婴儿（ 1岁以下） 及54%学龄前儿童（ 1- 4 岁） 由于使用儿童座椅而减少了死亡。
事实上，儿童安全座椅的效用已经在各种研究中得到证实，在很多国家都制定法律强制有儿童的父母在车内安装儿童安全座椅。如英国规定，“ 除非身高超过1.35米， 否则每个12岁以下的儿童在乘车时都需使用儿童座椅等儿童保护装置”。针对不同的年龄段，该法律中还进一步细化了儿童座椅的使用规定，“年龄在2岁或不满2岁的儿童可以乘坐车前座或后座，但必须使用经过欧盟安全认可的儿童座椅。年满3岁的儿童， 必须使用儿童固定防护装置， 坐在有安全带的后座。4至6岁的儿童须使用儿童加高座椅， 而6到12岁的儿童须使用加高坐垫”等。
In China， however， despite of local regulations in Shanghai， Shandong and other places， there is no national legislation for the usage of child safety seat. In 2014， Report on Status Usage of Child Safety Seat published by Shanghai United Road Traffic Safety Scientific Research Center investigates 1248 Chinese children and finds out usage rate of safety seat is only 3.9%， higher than 2.3% in 2009 but still in low level.
May 25th， 2015， a theme activity -- “Protecting Child from Product Injuries -- Safety Move of Child Safety Seat” was held by Department of Supervision on Inspection of General Administration of Quality Supervision， Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China （AQSIQ）， National Working Committee on Children and Women under the State Council， and Certification and Accreditation Administration of China. It published Findings on Status of Urban Residents Using Child Safety Seat， revealing that although more and more Chinese children were involved in road traffic environment， usage rate of child safety remain quite low.
According to the investigation on 4350 children （age from 0 to 13） from Beijing， Guangzhou， Shanghai， Jinan and Chongqing， family car is the first choice of 34% of urban children when they go out， and it is also preferred by 60.2% children who go out every week. In spite of frequent use of private cars， only 19.7% family has used safety seats and 12.1% of children take a safety seat in latest trip. Meanwhile， misunderstandings of protective measures for child still exist. Consequently， 60.6% of children in a car have been taken after by adults， while 37.3% have worn adult safety belt.
然而在中国，关于儿童安全座椅的使用并没有全国的立法，目前仅有上海、山东等地的地方性法规中有所规定。2014年，上海联合道路交通安全科学研究中心发布了《中国儿童安全座椅使用现状报告》，报告对1248个中国儿童进行了调查，发现儿童安全座椅的使用率仅为3.9%，这比2009年的2.3%有所上升，但这个比例依旧很低。
2015年5月25日，由中国国家质检总局执法督查司、国务院妇女儿童工作委员会办公室和国家认监委认证监管部主办的“守护儿童安全，远离产品伤害——儿童安全座椅安全行”主题活动发布的《中国城市居民使用儿童安全座椅现状调查结果》显示，尽管中国儿童越来越多地通过乘坐家庭汽车参与到道路交通环境中，但儿童安全座椅的使用率较低。 这份对北京、广州、上海、济南、重庆约4350名0～13岁儿童家长进行的调查显示，34%的城市儿童出行首选的交通方式是乘坐家庭汽车，60.2%的儿童每周都会乘坐家庭汽车出行。虽然儿童乘私家车几率很大，但只有19.7%的家庭使用过儿童安全座椅，最近一次出行仅有12.1%的儿童乘坐了儿童安全座椅。同时，儿童在乘车出行时安全保护措施误区较为明显，60.6%的儿童在乘车时仅仅由大人看管，37.3%的儿童乘车时佩戴过成人安全带。
Wang Hongyan， professor from Automotive College of Tongji University， contributed the low usage rate of child safety seat mainly to parents’ lack of knowledge about it. Over 60% of parents doubt about the effectiveness of the safety seat， and others give it up because of baby’s unwillingness， complex installation， occupy space， etc.
A national legislation is of utmost urgency to popularize child safety seat， or it will not come to every family’s home with a baby in future.
同济大学汽车学院王宏雁教授表示，儿童安全椅普及率低，最大的原因还是家长对儿童座椅的了解不足，超过六成的家长对于儿童安全座椅是否有用持怀疑态度。也有家长因为孩子不愿意坐、拆装麻烦、占用车内空间等原因而弃用安全座椅。
儿童安全椅的普及状况表明，全国性的强制立法已经刻不容缓，否则儿童安全座椅的普及还将遥遥无期。
Lacking the safety sense of
riding with a helmet
缺乏骑车戴安全头盔的意识
Report on Status of Global Road Safety of 2013 of WHO pointed out that pedestrian， bicycle and motor riders account for 50% of mortality rate of disadvantaged road users， a notable number as so many teenagers going to school by bike. According to relevant statistics， death risk and grievous injury would decrease by 40% and over 70% respectively with a safety helmet whose cushion could absorb the most impulsion and minimize injuries especially the head.
Researches showed that risk of brain or head trauma of a rider without a helmet is twice the number of that wearing a helmet， and risk of serious injury and death reached four times. The Ten Strategies to Insuring Child Traffic Safety released by WHO also revealed that wearing a helmet is the most effective means to reduce the risk of brain injuries during riding bikes and motors for children. Bicycle riders of each age group using helmet properly could decrease the risk of head injury by 69%， while motor-riders could decrease risk of grievous injury by 70% and death by 40%. The Vietnam government force all motor-riders including children to wear a helmet through legislation by the end of 2007.
世界卫生组织《2013年道路安全全球现状报告》指出，行人、自行车与摩托车驾驶者等“弱势道路使用者”占死亡总数的50%。减去占1/3的行人，自行车与摩托车驾驶者的死亡比例接近20%，这是一个不可忽略的数字，要知道许多青少年都是骑车上学。而统计数字表明，安全头盔能够将死亡风险降低40%，将严重伤害风险降低70%多。这是因为头盔中的缓冲衬垫可以吸收受到的大部分冲量，将受伤、尤其是受头部外伤的可能性降到最低。
有研究表明，未戴头盔的骑车者受到脑外伤或头外伤的机率是戴头盔骑车者的两倍；因重伤死亡的机率更高达四倍。世界卫生组织发布的《确保儿童交通安全十大策略》中更明确表示，对儿童而言，戴头盔是减少骑乘自行车或者摩托车时头部受伤风险最有效措施。各年龄组的骑自行车者恰当使用头盔可以将头部受伤风险降低69%，骑乘摩托车的人则可以将头部严重受伤风险降低70%多，将死亡风险降低40%。2007年底，越南政府就通过法律，强制规定所有摩托车驾乘者必须戴头盔，其中也包括儿童。 Statistics from NHTSA indicated that though 70% of bicycle fatality relating to head injury， merely 20% to 25% riders wore a helmet. Riding without wearing a helmet is a principal incentive of child accidental casualties. In China， neither adults nor children are accustomed to wearing a helmet， otherwise traffic injury rate of children is sure to decline.
美国国家公路交通安全管理局的统计表明，70%的自行车死亡事故涉及头部受伤，但只有20%-25%的骑行者会戴头盔，骑车不戴头盔已经是儿童意外伤亡的最大诱因之一。而在中国，安全头盔的普及率只会更低，无论是大人还是孩子都没有骑车戴头盔的习惯。如果每个骑车的孩子都佩戴安全头盔，那么儿童的交通伤亡率一定会有所降低。
Course of children traffic safety should be listed in compulsory education
儿童交通安全教育应纳入
强制性课程
Su Fengjie， standing vice director of National Working Committee on Children and Women under the State Council， said that teenagers of 0 to 14 years old would amount to 222 million up to the end of 2012， about 16.4% of the national total population.
A research group conducted a special survey on cognition of child going out by a car， and found that traffic dangers exist everywhere in urban and rural areas with children sitting on the passenger seat， arms or legs outside of the car， and no safety equipment was installed.
据中国国务院妇儿工委办公室常务副主任苏风杰介绍，截至2012年底，中国0至14岁青少年儿童达到2.22亿人，占全国总人口的16.4%。
有研究组曾针对孩子出行的乘车认知开展了专项调研。调研显示，无论在城市还是乡村，儿童乘坐副驾驶位置、乘车时肢体伸出车外等交通安全风险随处可见，未使用任何约束装置。
Since Chinese citizens commonly lack the consciousness of traffic safety and experience of safe on board， and social atmosphere of attaching importance to child traffic safety has not shaped. Wang Linhong， director of national center for chronic disease of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC）， contended that there was no compulsory course for child traffic safety formulated by Chinese government， and cooperation between various departments and provinces were not adequate. Consequently， parents and children had little knowledge of avoiding and dealing with the traffic accidents， and finally most children did not forming a habit of abiding by traffic regulations.
To improve the environment of child traffic safety， we can start from optimizing traffic safety facilities on roads around the schools， establishing safe activity places for children. Even in Kenya of Africa， local government has taken several measures to ensuring a safe environment around school， such as marking pedestrian crosswalk， walkway， cycle path and limiting speed of 30km/hour， installing deceleration strip and encouraging the use of backpack with reflective tapes. In a word， it is of great importance to provide safe school surroundings for protecting children. 中国公民存在交通安全意识薄弱、乘车安全经验相对缺乏等现状，更未形成全社会重视儿童交通安全的氛围。中国疾控中心慢病中心主任王临虹认为，目前还没有国家统一制定的儿童交通安全教育强制性课程，各地也缺乏长期有效的多部门合作，造成儿童及其家长对避免事故、应对事故和如何逃生缺乏了解，导致儿童作为乘员、行人等身份参与道路交通时，没有普遍养成遵守交通规则的习惯。
改善儿童交通安全环境，可从优化学校周边道路交通安全设施、建设儿童安全活动场所等方面入手。即使在非洲肯尼亚地区，地方当局也会采取一些措施使学校周边更安全，包括建设人行横道、专用步道和自行车道路及减速带；执行每小时30公里的限速；鼓励儿童使用反光双肩背包，使他们更容易被看到等等。提供安全的学校周边环境对于确保儿童安全而言十分必要。
Parents should shoulder the responsibility to change present situation
改变现状，家长也要承担起责任
Children should be regarded as special group to be paid attention to in traffic accidents. On one hand， children have their own features different from adults， especially toddlers who are more disadvantaged due to limited physical， cognition and social development. On the other， current traffic environment is tailored for adults， making children being more vulnerable to road risks than other groups. Hence， proper direction of traffic safety for children is very essential and a parents’ major responsibility as well.
在道路交通安全事故中，儿童是应该作为特殊的对象受到关注的，之所以强调特殊，主要是因为儿童的行为特点不同于成年人，尤其是幼童，他们的身体、认知和社会发育有限，在道路交通中比成人更弱势。而我们为交通参与者提供的交通环境又主要是针对成年人的。这就使得在交通参与者中本来就处于弱势的儿童群体，受到较其他人群更严重的安全威胁。所以，对儿童进行安全教育的指导，同样是非常重要的，这主要是家长的责任。
A Survey on the Behavior of Traffic Safety for Children Pedestrians in Kunming revealed that parent’s education and guidance on theoretical knowledge would significantly reduce the traffic risks of children. As a result， parents should firstly enhance their awareness of traffic safety and then strengthen children’s safety consciousness through practical education and directions， helping cultivate a good traffic habit. In order to achieve that goal， mandatory legislation should be taken into consideration.
There are many accidents in our life. Some can be predicted while others cannot. Traffic safety is always on the way. The one needing education on life and safety is not limited to children， but also our adults. If only we can wake from those bloody lessens and avoid tragedies involving “flowers of the country” again.
一篇题为《昆明市儿童行人交通安全行为研究》的调查就表明，如果父母加强对儿童的理论知识教育和实际行动指导，会大大降低儿童在参与道路交通中的危险。父母需要提升自己的交通安全意识，以自己的实际行动教育和引导儿童，提高儿童交通安全意识，培养他们良好的交通习惯。要尽量实现这一点，同样可以考虑强制性立法。
世间有很多意外，有些我们能够预见，但有些则无法避免。交通安全永远在路上。需要接受生命与安全教育的，不仅有孩子们，更多的还应该是我们成人。但愿我们能从这些血的教训中惊醒：不再让“祖国的花朵”意外凋零，不再让悲剧重复上演。
The third United Nations Global Road Safety Week， from May 3rd to 10th， 2015， themed by “Children and Road Safety”， aims to take actions to protect children through focusing on the dilemma of global children road safety. How to ensure children’s road safety is a problem for us to ponder.
世界卫生组织总干事陈冯富珍曾说，“一个国家的未来在于其年轻人，我们不能在道路交通事故中失去儿童。”的确，每年全世界有186，300名左右18岁以下的儿童死于道路交通事故，也就是说，每四分钟就有一个儿童在公路上过早死亡。事实上，道路交通伤害是所有五岁以上儿童的四大死因之一，而在发展中国家道路交通死亡率更是发达国家的三倍。
2015年5月3日-5月10日，是第三个联合国全球道路安全周，以“儿童和道路安全”为主题，旨在通过强调全球儿童道路安全的困境，采取行动以更好地保证他们的安全。如何确保儿童的交通安全，避免“花朵”的意外凋零？这确实是一个值得我们深思的问题。
Worrying situation of road safety
for children in China
中国儿童的道路安全状况令人堪忧
On Feb.2nd， 2012， a child of 5 years and a half old was crashed 15.5 meters away by a car when crossing the road guided by the head of a kindergarten in Shenyang Liaoning Province.
On Feb.19th， 2013， Mrs.Hu of Shenyang， carrying her 10-month baby， encountered a car accident on the road back home. Mrs.Hu was thrown out of the car while her baby dropped from her arms and survived luckily.
On Mar.12th， 2014， a traffic accident occurred in Ningbo： a father hit his daughter to death who was playing behind the car. He was then reversed the car and did not see his daughter.
2012年2月7日，在沈阳明沈线鑫宁家园前由东向西，一幼儿园园长在带一名五岁半的孩子过马路时，孩子被由南向北行驶的机动车撞出15.5米后死亡。
2013年2月19日，沈阳的胡女士抱着10个月大的儿子，回家途中遭遇车祸，胡女士和儿子及司机都从副驾驶门里被甩出，儿子从怀中掉出来，幸运生还。
2014年3月12日，宁波鄞州集士港发生一起交通事故：16个月大的女儿在车后玩耍，父亲没有看到，倒车时将其撞倒，最终孩子抢救无效死亡。
On May 25， 2015 Ruirui was hold in his mother’s arms in car when the whole family finished their travel to Lishui and back to Beijing. Suddenly the driver rear-ended the front car due to tailgating， leading to Ruirui jumping out of his mother’s arms and crashing into front windshield. After hospital invalid he was dead.
……
Lots of similar cases happen every year or even every day.
2015年5月25日，睿睿一家人乘车出行准备从丽水回北京，6个月大的睿睿被妈妈抱着坐在副驾驶位置。高速上因司机跟前车过近造成两车追尾。巨大的冲撞力下，睿睿一瞬间脱离妈妈怀抱，头部猛得弹到了车子的前挡风玻璃上，后经医院抢救无效死亡。 类似的事例还有很多很多，与其说每年都在发生，不如说几乎每天都在上演。
Dr. Shihede， representative of WHO in China， pointed out in an interview that over 10 thousand Chinese children died from traffic accidents. A Research Report on Road Traffic Injury of Chinese Children demonstrates two shocking data： 19620 traffic accidents involving children occurred in 2013， and 3749 of them caused children death.
However， many facts show that most people don’t concern about children’s safety and protection.
世界卫生组织驻华代表施贺德博士在接受媒体采访时指出，每年有超过1万名中国儿童死于交通意外。另据《中国儿童道路交通伤害状况研究报告》显示，2013年全国涉及儿童道路安全事故共计19620起，导致儿童死亡的事故3749起。以上出现的两个数据令人触目惊心。
然而，从种种现象来看，绝大多数人并没有真正把儿童安全保护放在心上。
“The situation of road traffic injury of Chinese children has become a common concern and pressing problem which is increasingly severe.” Lin Miao of judicial expertise department of China Automotive Technology&Research Center said that the mortality rate of Chinese children due to traffic accident was 2.5 times of that of Europe and 2.6 times of America's.
Chinese children’s road safety has been so severe that cannot be ignored.
“中国儿童道路交通伤害的形势日趋严峻，现已成为社会普遍关注并亟待解决的问题。”在5月6日联合国儿童基金会与新探健康发展研究中心共同举行的儿童道路安全媒体沙龙中，中国汽车技术研究中心司法鉴定所林淼表示，每年中国儿童因交通事故的死亡率是欧洲的2.5倍，美国的2.6倍。
中国儿童的道路安全状况，已经到了非重视不可的地步了。
Illegal car driving is
the main reason
机动车违法是最主要原因
On May 7th， 2015， A Research Report on Road Traffic Injury of Chinese Children was published by WHO， showing that road traffic injury being the second major cause of Chinese children from the age 0 to 17.
In fact， those young lives’ death on road can be avoided.
2015年5月7日世界卫生组织在有关主题宣传活动上发布了《中国儿童道路交通伤害状况研究报告》。《报告》显示，道路交通伤害已成为中国0～17岁儿童伤害致死的第二位死因。
而这些小生命在道路上的逝去，原本能够避免。
Starting from 2009， China’s production and sales scale of automobiles has ranked the first in the world with rapid development of ownership. The Report indicates that the number of vehicle ownership has reached 250 million， of which 137 million is automobile， and drivers has mounted to 279 million with highway mileage of 4.346 million km. Surging number of cars， together with bikes， motors， and pedestrians， contributes to complex road traffic situation. Compared with adults， children are more vulnerable to traffic accidents because of their physical， mental and behavior traits.
According to the Report on Road Traffic Accidents， 3749 of 19620 accidents have caused death of 3749 children under 18.
2009年起，中国的汽车产销规模持续位居世界第一位，汽车保有量快速增长。《报告》显示，截至2013年年底，中国机动车保有量达到2.5亿辆，汽车1.37亿辆，公路通车里程434.6万公里，机动车驾驶2.79亿人次。激增的汽车与自行车、摩托车、行人等共同构成了日益复杂的道路交通环境。相对于成人，孩子由于身体、智力的特点和行为特征，在道路交通安全中容易受到伤害。 据2013年的道路交通事故报告，19620起道路交通事故中，导致儿童死亡的事故共计3749起，3994名18岁以下的少年儿童死亡。
The Report analyzes that illegal driving is the main reason leading to road traffic accidents， with a high percentage of 86.09%. Wang Qiang， officer of Traffic Management Bureau Ministry of Public Security， pointed out that： “Walking and taking automobiles are the primary means of transportation that bring injuries to children.
According to a survey from the journalist， excessive speed accounts for 30% of death causes in high-income countries， while 50% in low-income and meddle-income countries. Roads next to school， residential areas and commercial districts are great threatens to children’s safety.
In London， cars must be driven within 30 km per hour near school and residential districts according to the regulation， and deceleration strip and obstacles are also be installed. Children from 0 to 14 have benefit from speed-limited zones since their set-up， mortality of pedestrians and riders decreasing considerably. Obviously， it is crucial to decelerating vehicles for the protection of children on road.
《报告》分析，机动车违法是导致涉及道路交通事故的最主要原因，比例高达87.09%。“伤亡儿童最主要的交通出行方式是步行和乘机动车。”公安部交通管理局副巡视员王强指出。
据记者调查后了解，高收入国家约三分之一、低收入和中等收入国家高达半数致死性道路交通事故的成因是速度过快。学校、居民区和商业区旁边公路给儿童带来了重大风险。
英国伦敦针对学校和居民区周边规定了每小时30公里的限速，并且在这些街道上还设置了减速带和障碍物。自这些“20迈已足够快”限速区建立以来，0-15岁儿童已经从中获益，行人和骑车人的死亡数量都有了大幅下降。可见，降低机动车速度对于保护道路上的儿童至关重要。
Low popularity of
child safety seats
儿童安全座椅普及率严重不足
Shi Hede， representative of WHO in China， has paid great attention to road safety of Chinese children. He used plenty of questions to express his anxiety： why do so many people ride without a helmet？ Why are so many people in car without wearing seat belts？ Why do so many automobiles run in cycling lanes？ Why don’t so many children use a safety seat？
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration （NHTSA）’s investigation shows that child safety seat has saved 8325 American children’s lives in 2006. Researches on the protective effect of child safety seat suggest that， 71% infancy （under 1 year old） and 54% preschool children （from 1 to 4 years old） who use the safety seat are in low mortality rate.
Actually， children safety seat has been proved fairly helpful in various researches， thus regulations of many countries force parents to install one in their cars. For instance， in Great Britain every child under 12 years old must use a safety seat or other devices for protection unless he or she is over 1.35 meters tall. Additionally， relevant regulations are specified in terms of different ages. Children at the age of 2 or below can be carried in a car in front or rear seat equipped with a safety seat approved safe by the European Union. For 3 years old， they must sit in rear seat equipped with protective installation. For 4 to 6， they must use a heightened child seat， and 6 to 12 must use heightened cushions， etc. 对中国的儿童道路安全，世界卫生组织驻华代表处代表施贺德表示了强烈关注。他曾经连续用了多个“为什么”表达他的担忧：在北京，为什么有这么多人骑车不戴头盔？为什么有那么多人乘坐机动车不系安全带？为什么有这么多的机动车占道？为什么有那么多的孩子不用安全座椅？
美国道路交通安全委员会（NHTSA）的调查显示，2006年儿童安全座椅挽救了约8325名美国儿童的生命。对儿童安全座椅保护效果的研究则表明，71%的婴儿（ 1岁以下） 及54%学龄前儿童（ 1- 4 岁） 由于使用儿童座椅而减少了死亡。
事实上，儿童安全座椅的效用已经在各种研究中得到证实，在很多国家都制定法律强制有儿童的父母在车内安装儿童安全座椅。如英国规定，“ 除非身高超过1.35米， 否则每个12岁以下的儿童在乘车时都需使用儿童座椅等儿童保护装置”。针对不同的年龄段，该法律中还进一步细化了儿童座椅的使用规定，“年龄在2岁或不满2岁的儿童可以乘坐车前座或后座，但必须使用经过欧盟安全认可的儿童座椅。年满3岁的儿童， 必须使用儿童固定防护装置， 坐在有安全带的后座。4至6岁的儿童须使用儿童加高座椅， 而6到12岁的儿童须使用加高坐垫”等。
In China， however， despite of local regulations in Shanghai， Shandong and other places， there is no national legislation for the usage of child safety seat. In 2014， Report on Status Usage of Child Safety Seat published by Shanghai United Road Traffic Safety Scientific Research Center investigates 1248 Chinese children and finds out usage rate of safety seat is only 3.9%， higher than 2.3% in 2009 but still in low level.
May 25th， 2015， a theme activity -- “Protecting Child from Product Injuries -- Safety Move of Child Safety Seat” was held by Department of Supervision on Inspection of General Administration of Quality Supervision， Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China （AQSIQ）， National Working Committee on Children and Women under the State Council， and Certification and Accreditation Administration of China. It published Findings on Status of Urban Residents Using Child Safety Seat， revealing that although more and more Chinese children were involved in road traffic environment， usage rate of child safety remain quite low.
According to the investigation on 4350 children （age from 0 to 13） from Beijing， Guangzhou， Shanghai， Jinan and Chongqing， family car is the first choice of 34% of urban children when they go out， and it is also preferred by 60.2% children who go out every week. In spite of frequent use of private cars， only 19.7% family has used safety seats and 12.1% of children take a safety seat in latest trip. Meanwhile， misunderstandings of protective measures for child still exist. Consequently， 60.6% of children in a car have been taken after by adults， while 37.3% have worn adult safety belt.
然而在中国，关于儿童安全座椅的使用并没有全国的立法，目前仅有上海、山东等地的地方性法规中有所规定。2014年，上海联合道路交通安全科学研究中心发布了《中国儿童安全座椅使用现状报告》，报告对1248个中国儿童进行了调查，发现儿童安全座椅的使用率仅为3.9%，这比2009年的2.3%有所上升，但这个比例依旧很低。
2015年5月25日，由中国国家质检总局执法督查司、国务院妇女儿童工作委员会办公室和国家认监委认证监管部主办的“守护儿童安全，远离产品伤害——儿童安全座椅安全行”主题活动发布的《中国城市居民使用儿童安全座椅现状调查结果》显示，尽管中国儿童越来越多地通过乘坐家庭汽车参与到道路交通环境中，但儿童安全座椅的使用率较低。 这份对北京、广州、上海、济南、重庆约4350名0～13岁儿童家长进行的调查显示，34%的城市儿童出行首选的交通方式是乘坐家庭汽车，60.2%的儿童每周都会乘坐家庭汽车出行。虽然儿童乘私家车几率很大，但只有19.7%的家庭使用过儿童安全座椅，最近一次出行仅有12.1%的儿童乘坐了儿童安全座椅。同时，儿童在乘车出行时安全保护措施误区较为明显，60.6%的儿童在乘车时仅仅由大人看管，37.3%的儿童乘车时佩戴过成人安全带。
Wang Hongyan， professor from Automotive College of Tongji University， contributed the low usage rate of child safety seat mainly to parents’ lack of knowledge about it. Over 60% of parents doubt about the effectiveness of the safety seat， and others give it up because of baby’s unwillingness， complex installation， occupy space， etc.
A national legislation is of utmost urgency to popularize child safety seat， or it will not come to every family’s home with a baby in future.
同济大学汽车学院王宏雁教授表示，儿童安全椅普及率低，最大的原因还是家长对儿童座椅的了解不足，超过六成的家长对于儿童安全座椅是否有用持怀疑态度。也有家长因为孩子不愿意坐、拆装麻烦、占用车内空间等原因而弃用安全座椅。
儿童安全椅的普及状况表明，全国性的强制立法已经刻不容缓，否则儿童安全座椅的普及还将遥遥无期。
Lacking the safety sense of
riding with a helmet
缺乏骑车戴安全头盔的意识
Report on Status of Global Road Safety of 2013 of WHO pointed out that pedestrian， bicycle and motor riders account for 50% of mortality rate of disadvantaged road users， a notable number as so many teenagers going to school by bike. According to relevant statistics， death risk and grievous injury would decrease by 40% and over 70% respectively with a safety helmet whose cushion could absorb the most impulsion and minimize injuries especially the head.
Researches showed that risk of brain or head trauma of a rider without a helmet is twice the number of that wearing a helmet， and risk of serious injury and death reached four times. The Ten Strategies to Insuring Child Traffic Safety released by WHO also revealed that wearing a helmet is the most effective means to reduce the risk of brain injuries during riding bikes and motors for children. Bicycle riders of each age group using helmet properly could decrease the risk of head injury by 69%， while motor-riders could decrease risk of grievous injury by 70% and death by 40%. The Vietnam government force all motor-riders including children to wear a helmet through legislation by the end of 2007.
世界卫生组织《2013年道路安全全球现状报告》指出，行人、自行车与摩托车驾驶者等“弱势道路使用者”占死亡总数的50%。减去占1/3的行人，自行车与摩托车驾驶者的死亡比例接近20%，这是一个不可忽略的数字，要知道许多青少年都是骑车上学。而统计数字表明，安全头盔能够将死亡风险降低40%，将严重伤害风险降低70%多。这是因为头盔中的缓冲衬垫可以吸收受到的大部分冲量，将受伤、尤其是受头部外伤的可能性降到最低。
有研究表明，未戴头盔的骑车者受到脑外伤或头外伤的机率是戴头盔骑车者的两倍；因重伤死亡的机率更高达四倍。世界卫生组织发布的《确保儿童交通安全十大策略》中更明确表示，对儿童而言，戴头盔是减少骑乘自行车或者摩托车时头部受伤风险最有效措施。各年龄组的骑自行车者恰当使用头盔可以将头部受伤风险降低69%，骑乘摩托车的人则可以将头部严重受伤风险降低70%多，将死亡风险降低40%。2007年底，越南政府就通过法律，强制规定所有摩托车驾乘者必须戴头盔，其中也包括儿童。 Statistics from NHTSA indicated that though 70% of bicycle fatality relating to head injury， merely 20% to 25% riders wore a helmet. Riding without wearing a helmet is a principal incentive of child accidental casualties. In China， neither adults nor children are accustomed to wearing a helmet， otherwise traffic injury rate of children is sure to decline.
美国国家公路交通安全管理局的统计表明，70%的自行车死亡事故涉及头部受伤，但只有20%-25%的骑行者会戴头盔，骑车不戴头盔已经是儿童意外伤亡的最大诱因之一。而在中国，安全头盔的普及率只会更低，无论是大人还是孩子都没有骑车戴头盔的习惯。如果每个骑车的孩子都佩戴安全头盔，那么儿童的交通伤亡率一定会有所降低。
Course of children traffic safety should be listed in compulsory education
儿童交通安全教育应纳入
强制性课程
Su Fengjie， standing vice director of National Working Committee on Children and Women under the State Council， said that teenagers of 0 to 14 years old would amount to 222 million up to the end of 2012， about 16.4% of the national total population.
A research group conducted a special survey on cognition of child going out by a car， and found that traffic dangers exist everywhere in urban and rural areas with children sitting on the passenger seat， arms or legs outside of the car， and no safety equipment was installed.
据中国国务院妇儿工委办公室常务副主任苏风杰介绍，截至2012年底，中国0至14岁青少年儿童达到2.22亿人，占全国总人口的16.4%。
有研究组曾针对孩子出行的乘车认知开展了专项调研。调研显示，无论在城市还是乡村，儿童乘坐副驾驶位置、乘车时肢体伸出车外等交通安全风险随处可见，未使用任何约束装置。
Since Chinese citizens commonly lack the consciousness of traffic safety and experience of safe on board， and social atmosphere of attaching importance to child traffic safety has not shaped. Wang Linhong， director of national center for chronic disease of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC）， contended that there was no compulsory course for child traffic safety formulated by Chinese government， and cooperation between various departments and provinces were not adequate. Consequently， parents and children had little knowledge of avoiding and dealing with the traffic accidents， and finally most children did not forming a habit of abiding by traffic regulations.
To improve the environment of child traffic safety， we can start from optimizing traffic safety facilities on roads around the schools， establishing safe activity places for children. Even in Kenya of Africa， local government has taken several measures to ensuring a safe environment around school， such as marking pedestrian crosswalk， walkway， cycle path and limiting speed of 30km/hour， installing deceleration strip and encouraging the use of backpack with reflective tapes. In a word， it is of great importance to provide safe school surroundings for protecting children. 中国公民存在交通安全意识薄弱、乘车安全经验相对缺乏等现状，更未形成全社会重视儿童交通安全的氛围。中国疾控中心慢病中心主任王临虹认为，目前还没有国家统一制定的儿童交通安全教育强制性课程，各地也缺乏长期有效的多部门合作，造成儿童及其家长对避免事故、应对事故和如何逃生缺乏了解，导致儿童作为乘员、行人等身份参与道路交通时，没有普遍养成遵守交通规则的习惯。
改善儿童交通安全环境，可从优化学校周边道路交通安全设施、建设儿童安全活动场所等方面入手。即使在非洲肯尼亚地区，地方当局也会采取一些措施使学校周边更安全，包括建设人行横道、专用步道和自行车道路及减速带；执行每小时30公里的限速；鼓励儿童使用反光双肩背包，使他们更容易被看到等等。提供安全的学校周边环境对于确保儿童安全而言十分必要。
Parents should shoulder the responsibility to change present situation
改变现状，家长也要承担起责任
Children should be regarded as special group to be paid attention to in traffic accidents. On one hand， children have their own features different from adults， especially toddlers who are more disadvantaged due to limited physical， cognition and social development. On the other， current traffic environment is tailored for adults， making children being more vulnerable to road risks than other groups. Hence， proper direction of traffic safety for children is very essential and a parents’ major responsibility as well.
在道路交通安全事故中，儿童是应该作为特殊的对象受到关注的，之所以强调特殊，主要是因为儿童的行为特点不同于成年人，尤其是幼童，他们的身体、认知和社会发育有限，在道路交通中比成人更弱势。而我们为交通参与者提供的交通环境又主要是针对成年人的。这就使得在交通参与者中本来就处于弱势的儿童群体，受到较其他人群更严重的安全威胁。所以，对儿童进行安全教育的指导，同样是非常重要的，这主要是家长的责任。
A Survey on the Behavior of Traffic Safety for Children Pedestrians in Kunming revealed that parent’s education and guidance on theoretical knowledge would significantly reduce the traffic risks of children. As a result， parents should firstly enhance their awareness of traffic safety and then strengthen children’s safety consciousness through practical education and directions， helping cultivate a good traffic habit. In order to achieve that goal， mandatory legislation should be taken into consideration.
There are many accidents in our life. Some can be predicted while others cannot. Traffic safety is always on the way. The one needing education on life and safety is not limited to children， but also our adults. If only we can wake from those bloody lessens and avoid tragedies involving “flowers of the country” again.
一篇题为《昆明市儿童行人交通安全行为研究》的调查就表明，如果父母加强对儿童的理论知识教育和实际行动指导，会大大降低儿童在参与道路交通中的危险。父母需要提升自己的交通安全意识，以自己的实际行动教育和引导儿童，提高儿童交通安全意识，培养他们良好的交通习惯。要尽量实现这一点，同样可以考虑强制性立法。
世间有很多意外，有些我们能够预见，但有些则无法避免。交通安全永远在路上。需要接受生命与安全教育的，不仅有孩子们，更多的还应该是我们成人。但愿我们能从这些血的教训中惊醒：不再让“祖国的花朵”意外凋零，不再让悲剧重复上演。