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本文概述了有控激活和把固体推进剂的化学能转变成子弹动能,以便在各种飞行条件下把子弹抛撒在指定的目标区所使用的技术。这种技术包括“灵巧”点火系统,气体能量管理系统,子弹组件,以及在加速度冲程和外形尺寸严格限制条件下把体积膨胀功转变成子弹动能用的织物气包。由于作用时间短,功率要求大,温度限制严格,初速产生精确,以及气包的最终几何形状要求所引起的一些特殊问题的解决办法,在文中都作了概述,并举例加以说明。文中还对弹道、气流、热传导、结构和气动设计的分析工具、通常采用的材料和抛撤技术都作了讨论。最后还对这种技术在航空航天方面的一些特殊应用作了一些评论。
This article outlines the techniques used to control activation and to convert the chemical energy of a solid propellant into kinetic energy of the projectile so that the projectile can be dropped in a given target zone under various flight conditions. Such technologies include “smart” ignition systems, gas energy management systems, bullet assemblies, and fabric airbags for converting volumetric expansion into kinetic energy of the bullets under severe acceleration stroke and form factor constraints. The solution to some special problems caused by short acting time, large power requirement, strict temperature limitation and initial velocity, and the final geometry requirements of gas bag are summarized and illustrated by examples. The article also discusses ballistic, airflow, thermal conduction, structural and aerodynamic analysis tools, commonly used materials and dislodging techniques. Finally, some comments were made on some special applications of this technology in aerospace.