贵金属的一些稳定簇与胶体（如钯），当它们的尺度小到纳米数量级时，就可在有机和无机化学反应中充当具备特殊性能的催化剂。但是，随着簇尺寸的减小，尽管每个原子的催化效率会有所提高，簇团聚的几率也将随之增大。为了防止团聚，制备金属纳米微粒时，通常需将稳定剂吸附到 Some stable clusters and colloids (such as palladium) of noble metals act as catalysts with special properties in organic and inorganic chemical reactions when their scale is as small as nanometers. However, as the cluster size decreases, the probability of cluster agglomeration increases as the catalytic efficiency per atom increases. In order to prevent agglomeration, stabilizers are usually adsorbed to the preparation of metal nanoparticles